Suchergebnisse

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as 'High risk plants, plant products and other objects'. This Scientific Opinion covers the plant health risks posed by the following commodities: (i) dormant and free of leaves 1-year-old bare rooted plants and (ii) free of leaves 1-year-old liners of Ficus carica imported from Israel, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Israel. The relevance of any pest for this opinion was based on evidence following defined criteria. Four EU quarantine pests, Euwallacea fornicatus, Hypothenemus leprieuri, Scirtothrips dorsalis and Spodoptera frugiperda, and 11 EU nonregulated pests fulfilled all relevant criteria and were selected for further evaluation. For these pests, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Israel were evaluated separately for bare rooted plants and for liners, taking into account the possible limiting factors. For these pests, an expert judgement was given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The estimated degree of pest freedom varied among the pests evaluated. Aonidiella orientalis and Russellaspis pustulans were the most frequently expected pests on the imported bare rooted plants, and Scirtothrips dorsalis on liners. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9,585 and 10,000 bare rooted plants per 10,000 would be free of Aonidiella orientalis and Russellaspis pustulans and between 9,456 and 10,000 liners per 10,000 would be free of Scirtothrips dorsalis.

This article offers a spatial analysis of the number of applications submitted by agricultural holdings in Poland for funds under the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy over the years 2002–2010 (a total of 874 thous. applications, Table 1). This activity was characterised by dividing the assistance means obtained into measures intended to improve: the natural environment (Table 2, Fig. 1), the agrarian-demographic structure (Table 3, Fig. 2), the technical equipment of farms (Table 4, Fig. 3), and their income situation (Table 5, Fig. 4). The above measures are also shown jointly (Table 6, Fig. 5) and spatial differences in their structure are presented (Table 7, Figs 6 and 7). The analysis showed there to be wide territorial differences among agricultural holdings in Poland in terms of the total number and structure of the CAP measures they implemented.

Geology does not respect national borders. Hence, in order to get geological overviews of Europe, input from geological surveys in more than 35 countries is required. European policy makers have several times been forced to rely on the US Geological Survey to provide e.g. resource estimates from the European continent, but for obvious reasons there is a wish to base European decision making on European knowledge. Consequently, the European Commission and the European Parliament have formulated a request for the establishment of a 'Geological Service for Europe'. In its strategy towards 2020, EuroGeoSurveys (EGS) addresses the creation of such a service through three pillars. EGS is an umbrella organisation through which national geological survey organisations of 36 European countries cooperate, referred to below as national surveys. The three pillars are designed to integrate input from all national surveys into a system that can swiftly act on urgent needs for knowledge-based decision support. The three pillars relate to joint research, data integration and sharing of facilities (Fig. 1). Whilst the third pillar has only recently been dealt with, the two first have already advanced through a number of recent initiatives. Having been a key player in numerous EU projects for many years, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has attained a central role in the implementation of these two pillars of the strategy, both as coordinator of the European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI, www.europe-geology.eu) and as one of the biggest players in the so-called GeoERA programme. GEUS participates in ten projects and is a partner in the secretariat and the coordinator of the GeoERA Information Platform. The present paper outlines the main steps towards the current situation and provides a background for GEUS' role in this.

In this study, it is aimed to examine educational leadership practices within the framework of educational management. When we look at the common expressions used in definitions about leadership, it is perhaps the most frequently used influence. Leadership has often been seen as influencing others in the direction of a certain goal, and it has been emphasized that influencing is a natural process that takes place within a social system. In the educational environment, it is not enough for educational leaders to realize only opportunities, besides, it is much more important for them to influence and mobilize resources in the direction of evaluating this opportunity. Therefore, from the point of view of the educational leader, it is extremely critical to be able to influence these resources, as well as to find resources and see opportunities. Educational leadership arises and becomes continuous through the acceptance and appreciation of the activities carried out by the group and their results rather than the characteristics of the leader. There are many factors that affect the activities and behaviors of the educational leader. These are the members who form the educational environment and follow the educational leader, the goals, the personal characteristics of the educational leader and the current conditions. In this sense, educational leadership is a managerial role behavior determined by a complex system that varies according to place and time. In this study, as mentioned above, the topic of educational leadership will be discussed as managerial role behavior modeling from the point of view of educational management. Key Words: Educational Management, Leadership, Educational Leadership

Front cover -- Dedication -- Front matter -- Community medicine -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- PART A: PRACTICAL -- Section 1: Spotters -- 1 Vaccination -- Common questions for all vaccines -- Common questions and answers -- Nis and characteristics of vaccines -- Additional information of specific vaccines -- Cold chain-related spotters -- 2 Nutrition -- Common questions for food item spotter -- Cereals -- Wheat (fig. 2.1) -- Rice -- Rice: Milled (fig. 2.2) -- Rice: Parboiled (fig. 2.3) -- Maize (fig. 2.4) -- Millets -- Jowar (sorghum) (fig. 2.5) -- Bajra (pearl millet) (fig. 2.6) -- Ragi (finger millet) (fig. 2.7) -- Common question for all millets -- Common questions for all cereals and millets -- Pulses -- Common questions and answers for all pulses or legumes -- Soya bean (fig. 2.23) -- Lathyrus sativus (khesari dal/grass peas) (figs 2.24 and 2.25) -- Vegetables -- Fruits -- Milk, milk products and animal foods -- Milk -- Oils and fats -- Common questions and answers for all oils and fats spotters -- Vegetable oils -- Mustard oil (fig. 2.27) -- Groundnut oil (fig. 2.28) -- Coconut oil (fig. 2.29) -- Vegetable ghee (vanaspati ghee) (fig. 2.30) -- Butter (fig. 2.31) -- Cow's ghee (clarified butter) -- Nuts and oilseeds -- Signs of vitamin a deficiency (fig. 2.38) -- Iodized salt -- Iodine (spot) test kit (fig. 2.39) -- 3 Contraception -- Introduction -- Male condom (nirodh) -- Combined oral contraceptive pills (cocs) (mala-n/mala-d/khushi cocs) (fig. 3.2) -- Intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) (copper-t 380a and cu-t 375) -- Dmpa injectable contraceptive (antara) -- Centchroman/ormeloxifene (chhaya, saheli) -- Emergency contraceptive pill (levonorgestrel) (ezy pill, ec pill) -- 4 Medical entomology -- Common questions -- Classification of arthropods of health importance -- Mosquitoes

A point of departure of this paper is the hypothesis that the quotidian practices of communities and their socio-economic and cultural characteristics are interconnected with the spatial attributes of co-housing practices. The paper focuses on the examination of the collaboration of the Ethiopian government collaborated with the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) that intended to address the issues related to the mass housing program in Addis Ababa. Special attention is paid to the so-called "UN-Habitat", a Human Settlements programme of the United Nations established in 1978 aiming to enhance the urban future. In 2005, the City Administration of Addis Ababa initiated a large-scale housing development project in order to address urban poverty and improve the living conditions of low and middle-income residents. To grasp the specificity of the Ethiopian context, one should bear in mind that in 2014 only 20.7% of Ethiopian residents lived in urban settlements as a report of the United Nations published that same year informs us. Departing from the fact that from 2006 to 2016 the area of condominium housing has increased to occupy 11% of the area of the city of Addis Ababa (fig. 1), the paper examines the tensions between universal aspirations and local realities in the case of Ethiopia's most ambitions mass housing scheme, which is 'Addis Ababa Grand Housing Program' (AAGHP) and was launched in 2004. This program was integrated in the 'Integrated Housing Development Program' (IHDP) in 2006. The particularity of the urban redevelopment of Addis Ababa lies in the fact that, in contrast with the majority of the "new city" approaches, it incorporated and permitted the construction of low-income housing thanks to the IHDP, which contributed significantly to the acceleration of the production of social housing in Ethiopia. My objective is to shed light on the common codes and conventions characterising the production of condominium housing in Addis Ababa, on the one hand, and to render explicit how the fact that space-as-commons functions a set of social relations which potentially challenges the very foundations of ownership becomes evident in the case of urban redevelopment of Addis Ababa, on the other hand.

This article provides a fresh perspective on the popular political culture of the City of London between approximately 1725 and 1746. While many scholars have recognized that the City was a vital and vibrant arena for popular political engagement throughout the long eighteenth century, they have mostly chosen to emphasize the role that London citizens played in national political narratives. Instead, this article takes as its starting point elections to the Common Council of the City Corporation. These reveal powerful internal dialogues, which emerged from the lowest levels of City government in the 1720s and 30s. Householders raised concerns about corruption in government, and about the accountability of elected representatives; these ideas were forged and sharpened in the neighbourhoods of the City. This article reveals the vitality of popular political activism in the streets and alleys of the City of London.

13 p.-6 fig.-1 tab. ; The first step of nitrogen assimilation in higher plants, the energy-driven incorporation of ammonia into glutamate, is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase. This central process yields the readily metabolizable glutamine, which in turn is at the basis of all subsequent biosynthesis of nitrogenous compounds. The essential role performed by glutamine synthetase makes it a prime target for herbicidal compounds, but also a suitable intervention point for the improvement of crop yields. Although the majority of crop plants are dicotyledonous, little is known about the structural organization of glutamine synthetase in these organisms and about the functional differences between the different isoforms. Here, the structural characterization of two glutamine synthetase isoforms from the model legume Medicago truncatula is reported: the crystallographic structure of cytoplasmic GSII-1a and an electron cryomicroscopy reconstruction of plastid-located GSII-2a. Together, these structural models unveil a decameric organization of dicotyledonous glutamine synthetase, with two pentameric rings weakly connected by inter-ring loops. Moreover, rearrangement of these dynamic loops changes the relative orientation of the rings, suggesting a zipper-like mechanism for their assembly into a decameric enzyme. Finally, the atomic structure of M. truncatula GSII-1a provides important insights into the structural determinants of herbicide resistance in this family of enzymes, opening new avenues for the development of herbicide-resistant plants. ; This work was funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through the Operational Competitiveness Programme (COMPETE), by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) under projects FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037277 (PEst-C/SAU/LA0002/2013), FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-008678 (PTDC/AGR-AAM/099577/2008) and POCI/AGR/61025/2004, and also by the Spanish Government through grants BFU2010-16336 and SAF2011-22988. ; Peer reviewed

5th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Planning, SDP 2011; New Forest; United Kingdom; 12 July 2011 through 14 July 2011 ; The efforts for the conservation of cultural heritage in historical settlements are a highly problematic and multi-faceted issue in Turkey. Although the conservation legislation dates back 50 years, the cultural heritage has not been internalized and not accepted in wider parts of the society and, has not found a solid political base. The historical and cultural heritage areas are mostly marketed for tourism and turned into places as the simulacrum of the elitist and middle class tastes. Tenedos (Bozcaada) Island inherits the rich cultural heritage of two millennia. The Island is in danger of losing its social, cultural and multi-ethnical characteristic where Turkish and Greek societies live harmoniously. The architectural, economic and ecological values are also in danger because of the rise of touristic activities and the construction of vacation homes as well as the State's withdrawal to provide subsidy to the agricultural sector that took place after the 1980s in parallel with the general economic policies adopting global economic restructuring. The objective of the paper is to highlight the multidimensional character of the social and spatial process which is enmeshed in the conservation activities of the Island. The values and norms, social, economic considerations in the conservation activities need a new approach and, without existence of a common will and a wider participation of the society it is hard to expect any success in the conservation of the rich cultural values, and to assess, develop and carry them into the future. A bundle of techniques are used: a large survey analysis of the area is realized and its social, historical and physical characteristics are documented. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews are used in order to detect the difficulties for conservation of the heritage in part of the responsible public bodies. The public and tourism sector opinions, thoughts and aspirations are surveyed. Even though, the preservation of Tenedos Island's cultural heritage appears to be a difficult challenge, there seems to be some positive clues for the future. © 2011 WIT Press.

Background: Suicidal behavior is one of the most important problems in psychiatric clinics. Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics may have different effects on suicidal behavior. Aims: To examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of 144 suicide attempters admitted to a Turkish emergency clinic for a suicide attempt. Methods: All subjects were interviewed by a consultant psychiatrist. For all individuals, data on DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, sociodemographic data, Beck's Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Becks's Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), and Beck's Suicidal Intention Scale (BSIS) were collected. Results: The majority of suicide attempters were females characterized by low educational status and low religious orientation. Drug overdose was the most common method of suicide attempt and conflict within the family was the most fre uent psychological stress factor. Three- uarters of attempters (74.6%) met DSM-IV criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis. Of these, 28.5% met criteria for major depressive disorder. Suicide attempters with depression tended to be immigrant, urban dwellers with high scores on the suicide intent scale. Conclusions: In the present study, the findings are useful in showing the risk factors related to suicidal behavior.

30 Págs., 7 Figs., 3 Tabls. Available online 15 September 2013. The definitive version is available at: http://link.springer.com/journal/12665 ; Soil moisture variability and the depth of water stored in the arable layer of the soil are important topics in agricultural research and rangeland management. In this study, we use the distributed rainfall-runoff (DR2) model to perform a detailed mapping of topsoil moisture status (SMS) in a mountain Mediterranean catchment. This model, previously tested in the same study area against the Palmer Z-index, is run at monthly scale for the current scenario of land uses and under three scenarios that combine the land abandonment and the application of the new common agricultural policy (CAP) of the European Union. Under the current conditions, runoff yield is scarce and presents a high spatial variability when monthly rainfall intensity and depth are low, and infiltration processes mainly lead to water storage in the soil. When rainfall intensity is high, runoff accumulation along the hillslopes controls the depth of available water in the soil, and SMS is more homogeneous. On average, scrublands and pasture have the wettest values, crops of winter cereal and abandoned fields have intermediate conditions, and areas of bare soil and forest have the driest conditions all the year around. The abandonment and no revegetation of the low productive fields located in steep areas and the collapse of their landscape linear elements (LLEs) produce not only an increase of 2.3 % of the overall SMS in the catchment in comparison with the current scenario but also an increment of the effective runoff that cross the cultivated areas of the lowlands and the runoff depth that reach the wetlands, increasing the soil erosion risk and compromising the conservation of the lakes. When the new green areas of the CAP are installed in the upper part of the fields of the lowlands and around the lakes, the runoff depth and thus siltation risk clearly decreases but also SMS decreases 1.7 and 1.1 % considering the current land uses and adding revegetation practices in the abandoned fields, respectively. Hence, a management scenario where: (1) abandoned fields are covered with a dense cover of shrubs, (2) the LLEs are preserved, (3) the green areas of the PAC are created, and (4) runoff harvesting practices are applied to partially compensate the water deficit, will help to preserve the humidity of the soil and will be of interest to keep the agricultural land use around the protected lakes of the study area. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ; This research was funded by the Projects "Erosion and redistribution of soils and nutrients in Mediterranean agroecosystems: radioisotopic tracers of sources and sinks and modeling of scenarios (EROMED) (CGL2011-25486/BTE)" of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (former Ministry of Science and Innovation) and "Mitigation of siltation of the Estaña Lakes Wetlands (Huesca, Spain) under different scenarios of climate change: soil and water trapping effectiveness of the "green areas" of the new CAP (Expedient number 2012 GA LC 034)" of the Regional Government of Aragón (Spain) and Obra Social "la Caixa" ; Peer reviewed

Through the 80´ties and 90´ties all public databases with land information have been digitalized and related maps been developed and every one of these systems have been developed with world wide web access for private citizens and professional users. This development has been based on isolated IT-strategies for each public authority and without any organizational change in the basic structure in Governmental Bodies and administrative levels. First of all a new strategy for E-governance have been decided and is under the leadership of the Ministry of Finance. This strategy focus on the individual citizen and to do it easier for him/her to access land and planning information though portals instead of a long row of WEB-sites managed by individual authorities with land management. Public authorities are under pressure to cooperate and develop their organization to match the challenge of partnership with the public structure of administrative authorities and to make public-private partnerships. The strategy is strictly based on governmental demand on costreduction and more effectiveness. The technological side of this strategy is new Internet Technologies as Service-Oriented IT-architecture, common standardization on data models using XML and GML-schemas. The strategy request a new theoretical paradigm for handling land information and introduce quite new user-interfaces and interaction with different usersegments within different data domains like environment, property, traffic instead of the traditional focus on existing organizations within and between public bodies. Secondly a total new political-administrative reform is being implemented in Denmark. The reform will reduce the number of municipalities from 275 to 100 and fully remove the Political Regional Level – The County – from the political landscape. The reform has been decided by The Parlament and has effected that Planning and Land Management at Regional Level – mostly nature protection, environmental management and Regional Spatial Planning – is changed by law and divided between State authorities and the new bigger Municipalities. Carrying out this reform in Land Management will based on the integration of Geographical Information Systems and E-Governance.