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We explore cooperatives' potential to play governing roles in neighborhood commercial corridors (NCCs) by examining one grocery cooperative in Philadelphia that has had stores on three NCCs in the city. We distinguish between an anchor institution role, where one organization provides collective goods for the corridor, and governance, where multiple corridor stakeholders collectively provide goods. We conclude that a cooperative will more likely play a governance role if it enters an NCC at a point when there are no other potential corridor-governing organizations, and when the NCC itself is at an early stage of development or redevelopment. What this suggests more generally about NCCs is that the organizations present at their founding or at a critical juncture have a large impact on their future developmental trajectories. We argue further that a cooperative is more likely to play a governance role when it was created by neighborhood stakeholders and it thus reflects the distinct social norms of the neighborhood.

Cette communication propose d'aborder quelques rapports entre ville et commerce à travers la variable temps afin d'interroger les nouveaux modes de conception de l'offre commerciale et comprendre s'il s'agit de nouvelles perspectives politiques et économiques en matière d'aménagement des villes d'une part, et de développement durable urbain d'autre part.

Cette communication propose d'aborder quelques rapports entre ville et commerce à travers la variable temps afin d'interroger les nouveaux modes de conception de l'offre commerciale et comprendre s'il s'agit de nouvelles perspectives politiques et économiques en matière d'aménagement des villes d'une part, et de développement durable urbain d'autre part.

Cette communication propose d'aborder quelques rapports entre ville et commerce à travers la variable temps afin d'interroger les nouveaux modes de conception de l'offre commerciale et comprendre s'il s'agit de nouvelles perspectives politiques et économiques en matière d'aménagement des villes d'une part, et de développement durable urbain d'autre part.

Cette communication propose d'aborder quelques rapports entre ville et commerce à travers la variable temps afin d'interroger les nouveaux modes de conception de l'offre commerciale et comprendre s'il s'agit de nouvelles perspectives politiques et économiques en matière d'aménagement des villes d'une part, et de développement durable urbain d'autre part.

Cette communication propose d'aborder quelques rapports entre ville et commerce à travers la variable temps afin d'interroger les nouveaux modes de conception de l'offre commerciale et comprendre s'il s'agit de nouvelles perspectives politiques et économiques en matière d'aménagement des villes d'une part, et de développement durable urbain d'autre part.

Commercial and touristic corridors are, by their nature, generators of economic, social and environmental resources, as a commercial alternative that conjuncts key elements for sector and community developments, representing a unique dynamics touristic attraction. In the frame of COVID-19 pandemic, commercial corridors reflect the experienced crisis; in Ciudad Juarez the have been affected, but nevertheless they continue in activities. The object was to acknowledge the enforced strategies to continue activities in those corridors. Is a descriptive, transversal and mixed-method study, to approach and acknowledge the enforced strategies in seven commercial corridors, through in-depth interview and questionnaires. Findings showed the posterior conditions after total shutdowns stablished by the three government levels, revealing that those corridors were seriously affected; and in all of them were enforced general strategies for contagion protection. ; Los corredores comerciales y turísticos son por naturaleza generadores de recursos económicos, sociales y ambientales, como una alternativa comercial que conjunta elementos claves para el desarrollo de un sector y de una comunidad, representando atractivo turístico de dinámicas únicas. En el marco de la pandemia COVID -19, los corredores comerciales reflejan la crisis que se viven; en Ciudad Juárez se han visto afectados, sin embargo, continúan observando actividad. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias implementadas para continuar la actividad económica de dichos corredores. El estudio es descriptivo, transversal y de metodología mixta, para aproximar y conocer las estrategias implementadas en siete corredores comerciales, por medio de entrevista a profundidad y cuestionarios. Los resultados reflejaron las condiciones posteriores a los cierres totales establecidos por los tres niveles de gobierno, revelando que dichos corredores se vieron seriamente afectados; y en todos ellos se aplicaron estrategias generales de protección a los contagios.

God in the Corridors of Power: Christian Conservatives, the Media, and Politics in America is a comprehensive study of Christian conservative power in America's political culture-how it was achieved, how it is maintained, and where it is going. It came about in part because of an enduring influence in the school room, the seminary and in the pulpit, and in part because conservatives are so skilled at using commercial and non-commercial media, including religious media, to disseminate their views to broader audiences. Though their power has waxed and waned, they continue to be a potent force in

International exchange provides the implementation of significant cargo flows that connect the largest industrial, transportation and commercial world centers. By joining the European Union, Croatian transport infrastructure has become a part of the European transport network. Pan-European transport corridors are defined traffic routes in Central and Eastern Europe that contribute to cohesion of the countries through which these routes pass. Croatia, as part of Pan-European transport corridor network, is intensively involved in the plans for its development. Additionally, Croatia has finally acquired preconditions to start the implementation of an intensive linkage of the reference points of which Croatian economy, but also the whole region, will have benefits. However, without investing in the reconstruction of railways, roads and inland waterways, it is impossible to improve the international activity of Croatia. Therefore, the emphasis of this paper is in pointing out the importance of generation the single program which includes complete Croatian transport system. The great plan must be based on coherent policy and long-term strategy because only such an approach can transfigure Croatia into a serious and equal partner in the European Union.

International exchange provides the implementation of significant cargo flows that connect the largest industrial, transportation and commercial world centers. By joining the European Union, Croatian transport infrastructure has become a part of the European transport network. Pan-European transport corridors are defined traffic routes in Central and Eastern Europe that contribute to cohesion of the countries through which these routes pass. Croatia, as part of Pan-European transport corridor network, is intensively involved in the plans for its development. Additionally, Croatia has finally acquired preconditions to start the implementation of an intensive linkage of the reference points of which Croatian economy, but also the whole region, will have benefits. However, without investing in the reconstruction of railways, roads and inland waterways, it is impossible to improve the international activity of Croatia. Therefore, the emphasis of this paper is in pointing out the importance of generation the single program which includes complete Croatian transport system. The great plan must be based on coherent policy and long-term strategy because only such an approach can transfigure Croatia into a serious and equal partner in the European Union. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Urban public transportation remains a challenge for Indian cities. The debilitating state of current public transportation infrastructure as well as rising carbon emissions from private vehicles supports that investments be made in public transportation systems that are both efficient and mitigate environmental challenges of reducing carbon emissions. To address the problem, many Indian cities have been experimenting with metro rail systems. Metro rails are capital intensive projects. Given the budgetary constraints and limitations of external borrowing capacity, state governments in India are resorting to land based finances. Land based financing is predicated on the principle of land value capture. A popular mechanism to implement land based financing is to raise revenues through property development or real-estate cross-subsidisation. This study examined two real-estate cross subsidisation projects that were implemented to raise revenues for Bangalore metro project and Kochi metro project each. The study identified some of the key challenges to land based finances in India. In particular, the study analysed conflicts surrounding urban land management as land acquired under the rubric of 'public purpose' were transferred for commercial property development to generate finances for the metro projects. The study calls for evaluation of existing policies of land based financing for urban infrastructure projects.

International exchange provides the implementation of significant cargo flows that connect the largest industrial, transportation and commercial world centers. By joining the European Union, Croatian transport infrastructure has become a part of the European transport network. Pan-European transport corridors are defined traffic routes in Central and Eastern Europe that contribute to cohesion of the countries through which these routes pass. Croatia, as part of Pan-European transport corridor network, is intensively involved in the plans for its development. Additionally, Croatia has finally acquired preconditions to start the implementation of an intensive linkage of the reference points of which Croatian economy, but also the whole region, will have benefits. However, without investing in the reconstruction of railways, roads and inland waterways, it is impossible to improve the international activity of Croatia. Therefore, the emphasis of this paper is in pointing out the importance of generation the single program which includes complete Croatian transport system. The great plan must be based on coherent policy and long-term strategy because only such an approach can transfigure Croatia into a serious and equal partner in the European Union. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The object of research is the process of assessing two different situations before and after COVID-19, as well as recognizing these problems and ways to minimize losses, using the example of Bangladesh. This paper describes the economy of Bangladesh before the outbreak of the pandemic, the relationship between the two different sides of the economy, the likely impact of this pandemic in the coming fiscal years, and proposals that can minimize the risks of loss. The global economy is linked through cross-border flows of goods, services, financial capital, foreign direct investment, remittances, exchange rates, know-how, people, resources, experts, and international banking. Therefore, the most significant negative impacts on Bangladesh are the decline in exports of ready-made garments, the cessation of tourism and air travel, a decrease in the number of financial transactions, the closure of commercial firms, a decrease in local consumption, and many entrepreneurs and workers are left without work. Over the past 30 years, the country's GDP has been growing. This gave the country the fastest growing economy in the Asia-Pacific region, even considering the fact that it is a land of natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, droughts, famines, storm surges, river bank erosion, earthquakes, droughts, salinization of groundwater and tsunamis. In addition, Bangladesh has a track record of accelerating GDP growth when the world faced a global recession called the Wal-Mart effect. During the work, general scientific and special research methods were used. Data included Bangladesh's real GDP, reserves, exports, imports, remittances, and foreign aid. It has been proven that to stimulate the economy, governments must take both fiscal and monetary measures, and policies and rules will be more effective if fiscal and monetary policies are well aligned.