Suchergebnisse

Upaya menurunkan prevalensi kurang gizi pemerintah membuat program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Cakupan Kadarzi Kota Depok tahun 2011 rendah (12,7%) dan prevalensi gizi kurang, pendek, kurus berturut-turut 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita 6 - 59 bulan berdasarkan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei Kadarzi 2011. Survei dilakukan di sebelas kecamatan Kota Depok menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 1.176 keluarga yang memiliki balita termuda umur 6 _ 59 bulan. Variabel yang diteliti adalah status gizi balita, perilaku Kadarzi, status Kadarzi, karakteristik balita, dan karakteristik keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi balita gagal tumbuh 31%. Terdapat dua variabel yang memberikan pengaruh status gizi balita secara bersama-sama yaitu penimbangan balita (nilai p = 0,003) dan pendidikan ibu (nilai p = 0,034). Uji regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan penimbangan balita sebagai faktor dominan terhadap status gizi balita. Balita yang ditimbang tidak teratur berisiko 1,5 kali mengalami gagal tumbuh dibandingkan yang ditimbang teratur. Indeks CIAF berguna untuk mengetahui prevalensi gizi kurang secara keseluruhan dan penanggulangannya. Diperlukan penyuluhan dan promosi yang lebih aktif kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemantauan pertumbuhan balita melalui posyandu dan melakukan pembinaan kader posyandu dalam pemantauan status pertumbuhan anak sebagai deteksi dini adanya gangguan pertumbuhan.Effort to reduce malnutrition governments make Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Kadarzi in Depok 2011 still low (12,7%) and the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting are respectively 7,89%, 7%, 4,75%. This study aimed to determine the dominant factor for nutritional status of children based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Research using secondary data survey Kadarzi 2011. The survey was conducted using a cross sectional study in 11 districts. Samples of 1,176 families who have children youngest aged 6 - 59 months. The variables studied were the nutritional status, Kadarzi behaviors, Kadarzi status, children characteristics, and family characteristics. Results showed prevalence of growth faltering (31%). There are two variables that influence nutritional status, child's weighing (p value = 0,003) and mother's education (p value = 0,034). Multiple logistic regression analysis show child's weighing as a dominant factor to the nutritional status of children. Children who are weighed not regularly are more risky 1,5 to get growth faltering then children who are weighed regularly. CIAF is useful to determine prevalence of undernutrition clearly and its solution. Counseling and promotion about child's growth monitoring are required as early detection of growth faltering.

BACKGROUND: India has an unacceptably high burden of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children aged 6–59 months. To mitigate VAD and its adverse effects on child health, the Indian government runs a nationwide vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programme. However, the effect of VAS in reducing child morbidity and mortality remains inconclusive and has been debated globally. In this paper, we estimate the effect of VAS on two indicators of child nutrition—anaemia (categorized into any anaemia, and mild/moderate anaemia) and anthropometric failure (categorized into stunting, wasting, and underweight) among children aged 6–59 months. METHODS: Using the nationally representative 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey data set from India, we set up a quasi-experimental study design and estimated household and mother fixed-effects of VAS on select types of child anaemia and anthropometric failure. RESULTS: Findings from both the household fixed-effects and mother fixed-effects analysis showed that VAS does not influence any types of childhood anaemia and anthropometric failure in India. We discussed the findings considering existing literature and possible limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The infirm effect of Vitamin A on anaemia and anthropometric failure is probably indicative of targeted VAS intervention, as opposed to a universal VAS programme. IMPACT: Effects of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in treating child morbidity and mortality remain inconclusive, which calls for further rigorous studies. This study set up a quasi-experimental research design and estimated the null effect of VAS on child anaemia and childhood anthropometric failure. While the cautious interpretation of findings is urged, this study reliably supports targeted intervention of VAS, instead of the universal VAS programme. The use of nationally representative data and robust research protocol are the primary strengths of this study.

Stunting, wasting and underweight—the three traditional indicators of undernourishment among children—provide mutually non-exclusive categories of anthropometric failures: low height for age, low weight for height and low weight for age. Although these indicators are essential for designing specific clinical and child nutrition policy interventions, they fall short of estimating the prevalence of overall anthropometric failure, which provides a sense of the scale of the nutrition problem. This article estimates the alternative, more comprehensive measure Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) for Indian states, based on data from the National Family Health surveys of 2006 and 2016, for children under five years (Ch–U5). The CIAF-based undernutrition estimates show significantly high anthropometric failure levels among Indian children compared to only stunting, wasting and underweight. Based on population projections for Ch–U5, we also show that a sizeable number of states may have seen an increase in child undernutrition between 2006 and 2016. We also correlated CIAF with household wealth index scores and found a positive relationship with children facing no anthropometric failure.

Despite the substantial burden of child undernutrition in South Asia, little is known on the relative importance and contribution of individual and micro/macro environments in shaping variation in child undernutrition. Using measures of anthropometry, we decompose the variation in child undernutrition in India to the levels of child, communities and states, quantifying the extent to which variation at each of these levels can be explained by known proximal and distal risk factors, measured at the individual (child/household) level. Data are from under-five singleton children participating in the 2005–2006 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). The outcome variables were: height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), as well as their associated measures of anthropometric failure: stunting, underweight and wasting, defined as more than two standard deviations below the median of the referred z-scores, respectively. We also considered the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), defined by combinations of child anthropometric failure. After accounting for risk factors, of the total variation in HAZ, 93.2 per cent, 4.9 per cent and 1.9 per cent were attributable to the individual, community and state levels, respectively. The observed risk factors explained 6.3 per cent and 46.9 per cent of the variation at the individual and community level, respectively; however, between-state variation was not explained by these risk factors. Variability in other measures of anthropometry and anthropometric failure largely followed this pattern. Additionally, there were also considerable differences in the amount of variation at the individual and community levels among different states. Hence, there is a substantial variability at the community level compared to the state level, suggesting the presence of micro-geographies of undernutrition. Additionally, while a substantial majority of the variation in child undernutrition is at the individual level, our ability to explain variability in undernutrition at the individual-level risk factors is extremely limited. Further research is needed to explore community level or environmental factors affecting child undernutrition, generating evidence for policies to target these determinants.

Objective This study aims to identify the change in anthropometric measurements during spaceflight due to microgravity exposure. Background Comprehensive and accurate anthropometric measurements are crucial to assess body shape and size changes in microgravity. However, only limited anthropometric data have been available from the astronauts in spaceflight. Methods A new photogrammetry-based technique in combination with a tape-measure method was used for anthropometric measurements from nine crewmembers on the International Space Station. Measurements included circumference and height for body segments (chest, waist, bicep, thigh, calf). The time-dependent variations were also assessed across pre-, in-, and postflight conditions. Results Stature showed a biphasic change with up to 3% increase at the early flight phase, followed by a steady phase during the remaining flight. Postflight measurements returned to a similar level of the preflight. Other linear measurements, including acromion height, showed similar trends. The chest, hip, thigh, and calf circumferences show overall decrease during the flight up to 11%, then returned close to the preflight measurement at postflight. Conclusion The measurements from this study provide critical information for the spacesuit and hardware design. The ground-based assessments for spacesuit fit needs to be revalidated and adjusted for in-flight extravehicular activities from this data. Application These data can be useful for space suit design as well as habitat, vehicle, and additional microgravity activities such as exercise, where the body shape changes can affect fit, performance, and human factors of the overall design.