Suchergebnisse

"The work of Smyth, Dillman, Christian, and Stern (2006) and Smyth, Christian, and Dillman (2008) compares 'yes/no' questions to 'check all that apply' questions. They conclude that the "yes/no" format is preferable as it reflects deeper processing of survey questions. Smyth et al. (2008) found that the 'yes/no' format performed similarly across telephone and web modes. In this paper we replicate their research and extend it by including a comparison with face-to-face in addition to telephone and web and by using probability samples of the general adult population. A cognitive interviewing follow-up was used to explore the quantitative findings. Our results suggest there are times when the 'yes/no' format may not perform similarly across modes and that there may be factors which limit the quality of answers." (author's abstract)

Abstract
Existing research shows that response options are endorsed at a higher rate when presented in forced-choice format (FC, yes-no grids) than in check-all-that-apply format (CATA). Information Processing Theory explains this contrast with differential effects on the level of cognitive reflection. The study tests this hypothesis with eye movement data collected in a randomized laboratory experiment in which 131 respondents participated in a web survey with four treatment questions. In one condition (CATA) the questions were presented in check-all format, in the other (FC) in forced-choice structure. I find higher levels of affirmative responses and longer completion times in FC compared to CATA in three of the questions. With all four questions, respondents invested more cognitive effort—measured by fixation counts and times—in FC than in CATA when considering the question in total. I find no differences when considering only the list of response options, however. This indicates that the longer fixation times did not result from a more careful evaluation of the response options. Other possible causes and practical implications are discussed.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop dehydrated soup formulations using flour from peach palm by-product (PPB), Spirulina platensis or spinach, as well as to evaluate their composition by physical, chemical, instrumental, and sensory methods. Four formulations were developed: standard, PPB flour, PPB flour and S. platensis, and PPB flour and spinach. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, chlorophyll content, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, color, viscosity, water absorption, and microbiological parameters. The sensory characterization was performed by the check-all-that-apply method. The soups containing spinach or S. platensis presented the highest protein contents of 3.3 and 4.6 g 100 g-1, respectively. The soups formulated with the microalgae S. platensis showed higher contents of fibers, lipids, and antioxidants. Changes were observed in the color and viscosity of the soups. The standard dehydrated soup was characterized as shiny, creamy, with seasoning flavor and fragments, and a pale-yellow color; the formulation with spinach, as grainy, with an herb odor and flavor, seasoning fragments, and a dark-green color; and with S. platensis, with herb flavor, seasoning fragments, and a dark-green color. The developed formulations are within the microbiological standards for food established by the Brazilian legislation. The sensory analysis revealed a new market niche, and the soups containing PPB and S. platensis showed good acceptability. Peach palm flour, Spirulina platensis, and spinach are alternatives for the nutritional enrichment of dehydrated soups with high protein, ash, fiber, and antioxidant contents.

Dishes whose texture has been modified for dysphagia undergo changes in other sensory characteristics as well. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these characteristics in adapted dishes and their relationship to hedonic acceptance. In the present work, the sensory characteristics of five dishes adapted to dysphagia associated with cerebral palsy were investigated using the check-all-that-apply method. A hedonic evaluation with a panel of non-dysphagic judges was performed to relate the degree of acceptance with the sensory characteristics of the adapted dishes. The identification of the original non-adapted dish as well as the relationship between the hedonic evaluation by nondysphagic judges and dysphagic judges were explored. The main attributes of the dishes adapted to dysphagia were "homogeneity" and "easy-to-swallow". Attributes that increased the hedonic evaluation were "flavorful", "flavor of the original dish", "soft texture", "easy-to-swallow", and "odor of the original dish". The attributes that decreased the hedonic evaluation were "thick mash" and "bland". The fish dish was the only one correctly identified more than 62.5% of the time. The adapted dishes received scores above 4.7 out of 9.0 in the hedonic evaluation. The most accepted dishes were the chicken stew and the chickpea stew. Except for the pasta dish, the test yielded similar results to those obtained with dysphagic judges. The texture-modified dishes were correctly characterized and accepted. This study shows that all the sensory characteristics of the adapted dishes are crucial for acceptance and identification. ; This study has been partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the 2014–2020 FEDER Operational Program of Navarre and by Navarre Government through the Program "Ayudas para realizar proyectos de I+D—Convocatoria 2017" (PEP E-14/000107-01).

Glühlampen als dominierendes Element für ein Bühnenbild – da braucht es viele und besondere, um den Wunsch des Bühnenbildners Michael Levine zu erfüllen. Dies war die Erfahrung des künstlerischen Beleuchtungschefs der Komischen Oper, Olaf Freese. Er berichtet über die Konstruktion und Beschaffung von 7000 Glühlampen für das Musical "Chicago" in der Inszenierung von Barrie Kosky an der Komischen Oper Berlin.

von Olaf Freese

This article explores the multilayered relationship between cross-gender phenomena and migration politics in gold rush California. It addresses two main questions. First, how did the predominantly male, multinational gold rush migrations impact gender relations in California, specifically the documented cross-gender practices among Euro-American migrants? Second, how did these cross-gender practices dovetail with anti-immigrant politics, specifically the racializing, feminizing discourses that targeted Chinese residents for exclusion from the nation? In exploring these questions, this article expands the analytic framework used to queer migration studies, by proposing an approach for trans-ing histories that incorporates insights from transgender studies.