Suchergebnisse

Last years veterinary institutions looked mainly in direction of exotic animal diseases. In bovine sector attention was paid also to milk quality, which imposes categorization of farms and creation of conditions for stepping up. On this background, ordinary work with traditional bovine diseases (anthrax, TB, Brucellosis, Enzootic Bovine leucosis) looked dropped behind. The aim of this work is to make preview of farm health status for 2012 according these diseases. ; BG; en; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg

L'article, centré sur la relation entre l'élevage bovin et l'environnement, s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'expertise collective de l'INRA intitulé ATEPE (Agriculture, Territoire, Environnement dans les politiques européennes). Les auteurs mettent tout d'abord en évidence les principaux éléments clés du diagnostic environnemental (qualité des eaux, émissions de polluants dans l'air, paysage et biodiversité), tout en soulignant la forte diversité des systèmes de production et le rôle déterminant des activités d'élevage (lait et viande bovine) dans l'occupation du territoire. Les auteurs s'intéressent ensuite aux facteurs techniques et économiques qui ont influé sur la situation environnementale actuelle. Enfin, une réflexion prospective vise à identifier certaines marges de manoeuvre relevant tant du domaine des techniques (ou pratiques) agricoles que de celui des politiques publiques (prix des produits, mécanismes de soutien mis en oeuvre dans le cadre de la PAC).

Dans la continuité des travaux menés par le groupe de la DATAR (intitulé prospective 2015 : agriculture et territoires) et suite à une sollicitation de la Commission nationale d'amélioration génétique, un groupe de réflexion s'est penché sur l'évolution potentielle, à l'horizon 2020, des grands équilibres du secteur européen de l'élevage bovin (lait et viande). La démarche poursuivie comporte deux phases : la première a trait à l'élaboration "à dire d'experts" de plusieurs hypothèses d'évolution de la demande dans les secteurs de la viande bovine et du lait (consommation interne de l'Union européenne et échanges avec les pays tiers), la seconde propose une articulation entre ces hypothèses et quatre scénarios de politique agricole, contrastés selon la nature de l'intervention publique (régulation de l'offre, prise en compte de la multifonctionnalité) et le mode de gestion interne des filières (prix des produits payés aux producteurs, signes de qualité, etc.). Les différentes hypothèses qui en découlent sont testées sur la situation de référence 2000 et permettent ainsi une première évaluation de leurs implications. Cette analyse met en évidence le rôle déterminant du secteur laitier dans les équilibres futurs du marché de la viande bovine.

On 18 December Defra revealed that during 2018, 32,601 badgers were killed, bringing the total number slaughtered under licence since 2013 to almost 67,000.1 'Effectiveness' claims relate not to the impact on cattle TB, but rather to the ability of the contracted shooters to kill sufficient badgers to satisfy their licence requirements, which they can hardly fail to reach given that target numbers are 'adjusted' by Natural England part-way through the culls according to the contractors' progress. Sixty per cent of the badgers have been killed by 'controlled shooting', a method rejected by both the government's Independent Expert Panel2 and the BVA3 because of animal welfare concerns. During 2018 Natural England directly monitored just 89 (0.43 per cent) of controlled shooting events. It is deplorable that the chief veterinary officer (CVO) continues to support the roll-out of a policy that permits controlled shooting, when veterinary organisations have condemned the method on animal welfare grounds. It is particularly concerning that the CVO appears to have deflected responsibility for humaneness to Natural England's chief scientist who, as far as we are aware, has no background in animal welfare science. It is also unacceptable for government to attribute reductions in herd bovine TB (bTB) incidents over the first four years of culling in the original 'pilot' cull zones to its badger culling policy.4 Independent analysis of this and more recent data from the Gloucestershire pilot cull zone5 indicate that new herd incidence is rising sharply, with 22 herd breakdowns in the 12 months to September 2017 (an increase of 29.4 per cent when compared to the 17 breakdowns reported by APHA for the previous 12 months). Analysis of the 2018 figures indicates that both incidence and prevalence are now rising even faster, with a further 24 herd breakdowns occurring between 1 January and 5 December 2018. To date, the government and its officials cite data that are two years out of date, but have declined to comment on this emerging evidence that, far from resulting in a substantial disease control benefit, badger culls may be leading to a sharp increase in bTB in cattle. Natural England's chief scientist and the UK's CVO continue to endorse a failing and inhumane policy, bringing their offices into serious disrepute. We urge them, and the BVA, to reconsider their support for further badger culling, and instead focus on the actual cause of bTB's epidemic spread – a cattle skin test with a sensitivity of only 50 per cent,6,7 and the ongoing problems associated with cattle movements and on-farm biosecurity.

To date more than 120,000 cows had to be killed in the United Kingdom, because they showed clinical symptoms of the bovine spongiform enzephalopathy (BSE), a new disease, which is commonly known as ''mad cow disease''. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinic, and diagnosis of the disease BSE and the physical and chemical characteristics of its causative agent. The probability of a transmission to man is discussed in view of the current knowledge and national and international legislation

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been described as an epidemic central nervous disorder in cattle from the United Kingdom. The disease is thought to have emerged by an interspecies transmission of the scrapie agent of sheep to cattle, after feeding scrapie-contaminated meat and bone meal (MBM). The disease has caused substantial economic losses for the British cattle industry. Because of strict veterinary regulations for the import of adult British cattle by the European Union and for MBM by most of the member states the spread of BSE to continental Europe could be efficiently controlled, and only few cases have been described outside the UK. Here we report the first German case of BSE diagnosed in a Scottish Highland cow. The affected cow was imported into Germany before the import ban for cattle from the UK was implemented. BSE was confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, animal experiments, immunoblotting and by electron microscopic detection of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAFs).

Some farm families in Michigan are finding that their cattle have Bovine Tuberculosis. When this occurs, they face a challenge to their family business, their family processes, and their way of life. The Michigan Bovine TB eradication program also confronts them. Together, Bovine TB and the eradication program cause significant stress, straining the relationship of farmers with their farm ecosystems, and causing the loss of ability to effectively participate in decision-making that is crucial to the farm family and the farm business. These experiences define farm families as recipients of environmental injustice. There is a need to achieve environmental justice by reducing the impact of Bovine TB, as well as adverse effects of programs designed to eliminate the disease.

Bovine hypodermosis (warble fly infestation) is a disease of cattle caused by flies whose larvae specifically parasitize cattle. This disease limits growth and milk production and seriously affects animal health. The results of studies conducted by INRAE and its partners have greatly contributed to the implementation of a program to eradicate hypodermosis in France. The disease has been totally under control since 2000.Bovine hypodermosis is caused by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, non-biting flies, whose larvae specifically parasitize cattle. They cross the skin, migrate into deep tissues over several months, reach the dorsal subcutaneous tissue, where they cause abscesses, and finally pierce the skin of the animal migrating into the external environment.These parasites cause general immunosuppression, limiting the growth of young cattle and reducing milk production in cows. Further, they cause carcasses to be peeled at slaughter, produce serious damage to hides, and adversely affect animal welfare.In the 1980s, INRAE, together with Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse and other partners, conducted an ambitious research program, which sought to establish the epidemiology of Hypoderma species and identify a systematic treatment of animals without endangering consumers, breeders and animals. These essential conditions for implementing an effective strategy for controlling hypodermosis were achieved by administering a microdose of ivermectin and developing an immunodiagnosis that can be used on a very large scale with hypodermine C.Following proof of concept, achieved through the deployment of a bovine hypodermosis control plan in Brittany and then in Burgundy, the national control plan was gradually implemented throughout France by the Ministry of Agriculture and stakeholders. Within three years of implementation, the plan has led to control of this parasitic disease, and indeed to the disappearance of clinical cases of warble fly infestation. Thus, the outcome of studies conducted by INRAE and its ...