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ABSTRACTThe stochastic behavior of both transfusion (demand) and blood donations (collection) is a challenge for the blood supply chain. Although donations are not fully within the control of blood supply chain, the blood service can marginally moderate it by postponing appointments in the case of having an overstock, or by triggering a call for additional blood when faced with shortages. Such shortages are often observed as a consequence of catastrophic events. Past studies show that the response to a call for blood after a disaster is substantive. Yet the consequential impact on the supply chain is not well understood. This is due to the perishability of blood and the fact that donors are not eligible to give blood for a certain period after a donation has been made. In this study, the donation process is modeled with a Markov chain and the impact of a call for blood resulting from a disaster is investigated. This article highlights new actionable insights that aid planners to mitigate the negative impacts of a substantial response to a call for blood.

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the availability of blood to meet the nation's requirements as well as recent and proposed policy changes regarding blood donation that may affect the future supply."

Blood Transfusion Unit is an institution under the supervision of the government that tasked to provide blood components for the community. Furthermore, this agency serves the community for the provision of information on the availability of blood, blood filtration of infectious diseases and blood storage. Problem of this case showed that there was out of stock of blood components that was caused by the blood components have low viability when long-time stored. Purpose of this study is to forecast demand of blood components for decision making process in supporting the activities of Blood Transfusion Unit. There were four methods of foresting involving moving average, weighted moving average, exponential smoothing, exponential smoothing with trend which these methods were analyzed using POM-QM software. Finding showed that there were two patterns of forecasting results of blood components that categorized into time series of stationary and trend. Implication in this study is able to select the appropriate forecasting method for anticipate the uncertainty demand of blood components. Further research is recommended to consider the safety stock for calculating the minimum inventory at Blood Transfusion Unit. This calculation can be continued to determine the ordering using method ReOrder Point (ROP) to fulfil the demand. Index Terms—Blood component, supply chain, forecasting, Blood Transfusion Unit

 Abstract—Blood Transfusion Unit is an institution under the supervision of the government that tasked to provide blood components for the community. Furthermore, this agency serves the community for the provision of information on the availability of blood, blood filtration of infectious diseases and blood storage. Problem of this case showed that there was out of stock of blood components that was caused by the blood components have low viability when long-time stored. Purpose of this study is to forecast demand of blood components for decision making process in supporting the activities of Blood Transfusion Unit. There were four methods of foresting involving moving average, weighted moving average, exponential smoothing, exponential smoothing with trend which these methods were analyzed using POM-QM software. Finding showed that there were two patterns of forecasting results of blood components that categorized into time series of stationary and trend. Implication in this study is able to select the appropriate forecasting method for anticipate the uncertainty demand of blood components. Further research is recommended to consider the safety stock for calculating the minimum inventory at Blood Transfusion Unit. This calculation can be continued to determine the ordering using method ReOrder Point (ROP) to fulfil the demand.

Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products -- Copyright -- PRESENTERS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Contents -- I CURRENT STATE OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY -- Longitudinal Studies of Blood Availability -- QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS -- Blood Supply Fluctuations -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- When Should Physicians Transfuse? -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- International Perspectives on Blood Availability -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- II ENHANCING COLLECTIONS -- The Delaware Plan -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Markets and the Blood Supply -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Blood Donor Attitudes and Behavior -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- III ENHANCING DISTRIBUTION -- American Red Cross Blood Distribution System -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Blood Resource Sharing Programs -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Exporting Blood from a Regional Blood Center -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Supply and Demand in Transfusion Services -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Logistic Problems and Perishables: The Kroger Company and Supermarket Seafood -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- IV EXPANDING THE ALTERNATIVES -- Frozen Red Cell Technology -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Logistical Concerns in Prepositioning Frozen Blood -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Extended Liquid Storage of Red Blood Cells -- QUESTIONS/COMMENTS -- Overview of Blood Substitutes -- V CLOSING REMARKS -- Henrik H. Bendixen Chair, Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability -- Harvey Klein Workshop Moderator -- APPENDIXES -- A Acronyms -- B Workshop Participants.

Intro -- Support -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Talkers, Lecturers and Reviewers -- The European Medicines Shortages Research Network and Its Mission to Strategically Debug Disrupted Pharmaceutical Supply Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 European Medicines Shortages Research Network Under the COST Roof -- 3 A History and Review of Medicines Shortages -- 4 Identification of the Stakeholders -- 5 Defining the Term "Medicines Shortages" -- 6 First and Analytical Milestone of the Network's Mission: Mapping Causations of Shortages -- 7 Second and Creative-Innovative Milestone of the Network's Mission: A Methodological Approach to Improve the Medicines Shortages Situation -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Design and Planning of Sustainable Vaccine Supply Chain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Sustainable Supply Chain Management -- 2.2 Supply Networks -- 3 The Vaccine Supply Chain -- 4 Problem Definition and Model Characterization -- 4.1 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.2 Objective Functions -- 4.3 Economic Objective Function -- 4.4 Environmental Objective Function -- 4.5 Social Objective Function -- 4.6 Constraints -- 5 Case Study Description -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Single Objective Optimization -- 6.2 Multi-objective Approach -- 7 Conclusions -- Appendix 1. MILP Formulation Adapted from Mota et al. (2015) -- References -- Drug Shortages and Their Impact on Patients and Health Care Systems-How Can Systemic and Organizational Frameworks Help to Prevent or Mitigate Them? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Impact of Drug Shortages on Patients and Health Care Systems -- 2.1 Impacts on Patients and of Medical Nature -- 2.2 Impacts on Health Care Systems and of Financial Nature -- 3 Systemic and Organizational Frameworks Which Could Counteract DS and Counterweigh Impacts of DS.