Suchergebnisse

In this thesis low complexity physical layer cooperative communication schemes are investigated to improve the spectral efficiency, the scalability and the coverage range of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, we investigate cooperative broadcasting and provide an accurate coverage prediction to it, introduce leakage based beam shaping to increase the transmission range of virtual antenna arrays, while the signal in undesired directions is suppressed, and propose simple resource allocation schemes for quantize-and-forward receive cooperation. We provide theoretical analysis and numerical evaluations of these schemes and investigate their performance, respectively the performance of combinations thereof, in two different scenarios: military MANETs and urban traffic hotspots with ultra high user density. In addition to the cooperative communication schemes, we investigate the relation between the applied transmit power and the resulting interference power at unintended users in leakage based precoding, a promising multi-user MIMO precoding approach. Based on these investigations, we propose a target rate precoding as well as a rate optimal precoding, and provide a quasi closed-form solution for both.

The problem of e-waste has forced governments of many countries to develop and implement environmentally sound management practices and collection schemes for E-waste management, with a view to minimize environmental impacts and maximize re-use, recovery and recycling of valuable materials. In developed countries, e-waste management is given high priority countries, while in developing countries, it is exacerbated by completely adopting or replicating the e-waste management of developed countries and several problems including, lack of investment, technological, financial, technically skilled human resources, lack of infrastructure, little available information on the e-waste situation, recovery of valuable materials in small workshops using rudimentary recycling methods, lack of awareness on the impacts of e-waste, absence of appropriate legislations specifically dealing with e-waste, approach and inadequate description of the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders and institutions involved in e-waste management, etc. This chapter provides the definition of e-waste, and presents information on generation of –andcomposition of e-waste, collection, treatment, and disposal systems. It also discusses the overview of e-waste collection schemes in different parts of the world with regional focus, and the best current practices in WEEE management applied indeveloped and developing countries. It outlines the illegal e-waste trade and illegal waste disposal practices associated with e-waste fraction. In this chapter, the terms "WEEE" and "E-waste" are used synonymously and in accordance to the EU, WEEE Directive.

This book explains the beginnings of net neutrality regulation in the United States and Europe, and some of the current debate over access to Specialised Services: fast lanes with higher Quality of Service (QoS). It examines the new European law of 2015 and the interaction between that law and interception/privacy. The book takes a deep dive into UK self- and co-regulation of net neutrality. In each of the national case studies, initial confusion at lack of clarity in net neutrality laws gave way to significant cases, particularly since 2014, which have given regulators the opportunity to clarify their legislation or regulation. The majority of such cases relate to mobile net neutrality, and in particular so-called 'zero rating' practices. The book compares results and proposes a regulatory toolkit for those jurisdictions that intend effective practical partial or complete implementation of net neutrality. It sets out a future research agenda for exploring implementation of regulation. The book outlines competition policy's purpose, referring to the exceptionally rigorous recent analysis of competition law suitability to regulate net neutrality by Maniadaki. Having analysed regulatory tools with little chance of success, it then examines what communications regulators actually do: regulating telecoms access based on the UK case study. The book considers whether zero rating poses a serious challenge to Open Internet use. It explores some of the wider international problems of regulating the newest manifestation of discrimination: zero rating. The book also considers the various means by which government can regulate net neutrality.