Automated Law Enforcement - Perfect Vision or Dystopia?
In: To be published in: Woodrow Barfield/Ugo Pagallo (eds.), Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence, Edition (Elgar Forthcoming)
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In: To be published in: Woodrow Barfield/Ugo Pagallo (eds.), Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence, Edition (Elgar Forthcoming)
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In: Antje von Ungern-Sternberg (ed.), Content Moderation in the EU: The Digital Services Act, Trier Studies on Digital Law, Trier 2023 (Forthcoming)
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In: Rainer Hofmann/Stefan Kadelbach (eds.) Nomos, Baden-Baden 2023, Forthcoming
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In: Veröffentlichung der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer VVDStRL 2023, i.E. (Proceedings of the Association of German Public Law Teachers VVDStRL 2023, forthcoming)
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In: Anna Katharina Mangold/Mehrdad Payandeh (Hg.), Handbuch Antidiskriminierungsrecht – Strukturen, Rechtsfiguren und Konzepte (i.E.) (2021)
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In: Draft Chapter, in: Silja Vöneky, Philipp Kellmeyer, Oliver Müller and Wolfram Burgard (ed.) Responsible AI, Cambridge University Press (Forthcoming)
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In: In: Matthias Herdegen, Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz, Johannes Masing, Ralf Poscher (ed.), Handbuch des Verfassungsrechts, München 2020 (forthcoming)
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In: Thomas Raab, Antje von Ungern-Sternberg (ed.), Institut für Rechtspolitik, Rechtspolitisches Forum Nr. 81, Trier 2019 (Forthcoming)
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In: German Yearbook of International Law (Forthcoming)
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In: Bernd Oppermann/Jutta Stender-Vorwachs, Handbuch Autonomes Fahren, 2. Auflage, München 2019
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In: Sebastian Unger / Antje von Ungern-Sternberg, Demokratie und Künstliche Intelligenz, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2019 (Forthcoming)
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In: German yearbook of international law: Jahrbuch für internationales Recht, Band 60, Heft 1, S. 239-266
ISSN: 2195-7304
Artificial agents – from autonomous cars and weapon systems to social bots, from profiling and tracking programmes to risk assessment software predicting criminal recidivism or voting behaviour – challenge general principles of national and international law. This article addresses three of these principles: responsibility, explainability, and autonomy. Responsibility requires that actors be held accountable for their actions, including damages and breaches of law. Responsibility for actions and decisions taken by artificial agents can be secured by resorting to strict or objective liability schemes, which do not require human fault and other human factors, or by relocating human fault, i.e. by holding programmers, supervisors, or standard setters accountable. 'Explainability' is a term used to characterise that even if artificial agents produce useful and reliable results, it must be explainable how these results are generated. Lawyers have to define those areas of law that require an explanation for artificial agents' activities, ranging from human rights interferences to, possibly, any form of automated decision-making that affects an individual. Finally, the many uses of artificial agents also raise questions regarding several aspects of autonomy, including privacy and data protection, individuality, and freedom from manipulation. Yet, artificial agents do not only challenge existing principles of law, they can also strengthen responsibility, explainability, and autonomy.
In: Forthcoming, Robert Uerpmann-Wittzack (ed.), Religion and International Law, Brill 2017
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In: Forthcoming, Anna-Bettina Kaiser, Niels Petersen and Johannes Saurer (eds.), The U.S. Supreme Court and Contemporary Constitutional Law: The Obama Era and Its Legacy, 2018
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