Suchergebnisse

Testimonials that bind : organizing communities with HIV -- Confessional technologies : conjuring the self -- Soldiers of God : together and apart -- Life itself : triage and therapeutic citizenship -- Biopower : fevers, tribes, and bulldozers -- The crisis : economies, warriors, and the erosion of sovereignty -- Uses and pleasures : the republic inside out.

▪ Abstract  Anthropological approaches broaden and deepen our understanding of the finding that high levels of socioeconomic inequality correlate with worsened health outcomes across an entire society. Social scientists have debated whether such societies are unhealthy because of diminished social cohesion, psychobiological pathways, or the material environment. Anthropologists have questioned these mechanisms, emphasizing that fine-grained ethnographic studies reveal that social cohesion is locally and historically produced; psychobiological pathways involve complex, longitudinal biosocial dynamics suggesting causation cannot be viewed in purely biological terms; and material factors in health care need to be firmly situated within a broad geopolitical analysis. As a result, anthropological scholarship argues that this finding should be understood within a theoretical framework that avoids the pitfalls of methodological individualism, assumed universalism, and unidirectional causation. Rather, affliction must be understood as the embodiment of social hierarchy, a form of violence that for modern bodies is increasingly sublimated into differential disease rates and can be measured in terms of variances in morbidity and mortality between social groups. Ethnographies on the terrain of this neoliberal global health economy suggest that the violence of this inequality will continue to spiral as the exclusion of poorer societies from the global economy worsens their health—an illness poverty trap that, with few exceptions, has been greeted by a culture of indifference that is the hallmark of situations of extreme violence and terror. Studies of biocommodities and biomarkets index the processes by which those who are less well off trade in their long-term health for short-term gain, to the benefit of the long-term health of better-off individuals. Paradoxically, new biomedical technologies have served to heighten the commodification of the body, driving this trade in biological futures as well as organs and body parts.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- stacy leigh pigg and vincanne adams Introduction: The Moral Object of Sex -- stacy leigh pigg Globalizing the Facts of Life -- Part 1 The Production of New Subjectivities -- Moral Science and the Management of ''Sexual Revolution'' in Russia -- Family Planning, Human Nature, and the Ethical Subject of Sex in Urban Greece -- From Auntie to Disco: The Bifurcation of Risk and Pleasure in Sex Education in Uganda -- Part 2 The Creation of Normativities as a Biopolitical Project -- Sexuality, the State, and the Runaway Wives of Highlands Papua, Indonesia -- ''Ordinary'' Sex, Prostitutes, and Middle-Class Wives: Liberalization and National Identity -- Moral Orgasm and Productive Sex: Tantrism Faces Fertility Control in Lhasa, Tibet (China -- Part 3 Contestations of Liberal Humanism Forged in Sexual Identity Politics -- Uses and Pleasures: Sexual Modernity, hiv/aids, and Confessional Technologies in a West African Metropolis -- The Kothi Wars: aids Cosmopolitanism and the Morality of Classification -- References -- Contributors -- Index

Acinetobacter baumannii has become increasingly resistant to leading antimicrobial agents since the 1970s. Increased resistance appears linked to armed conflicts, notably since widespread media stories amplified clinical reports in the wake of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. Antimicrobial resistance is usually assumed to arise through selection pressure exerted by antimicrobial treatment, particularly where treatment is inadequate, as in the case of low dosing, substandard antimicrobial agents, or shortened treatment course. Recently attention has focused on an emerging pathogen, multi-drug resistant A. baumannii (MDRAb). MDRAb gained media attention after being identified in American soldiers returning from Iraq and treated in US military facilities, where it was termed "Iraqibacter." However, MDRAb is strongly associated in the literature with war injuries that are heavily contaminated by both environmental debris and shrapnel from weapons. Both may harbor substantial amounts of toxic heavy metals. Interestingly, heavy metals are known to also select for antimicrobial resistance. In this review we highlight the potential causes of antimicrobial resistance by heavy metals, with a focus on its emergence in A. baumanni in war zones.