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Human development vis-à-vis free trade: Understanding developing countries' positions in trade negotiations on education and intellectual property rights
In: Review of international political economy, Band 20, Heft 4, S. 712-739
ISSN: 1466-4526
Equity, Power Games, and Legitimacy: Dilemmas of Participatory Natural Resource Management
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 2
ISSN: 1708-3087
Equity, power games and legitimacy : dilemmas of participatory learning processes
Participatory approaches are nowadays widely used, but their designers are facing dilemmas, especially in heterogeneous social contexts. On the one hand, some of them stand accused of being naively manipulated by the most powerful local stakeholders; while on the other hand, others are accused of intervening on social systems to empower some particular stakeholders without having the legitimacy to do so. This article examines the testing of a critical companion approach which recognizes the necessity to take into account local power asymmetries to avoid the risk of increasing initial inequities. The paper draws on the experimentation and reflexive analysis of a companion modelling process conducted with such a critical approach in the highlands of Northern Thailand. The process aimed at facilitating dialogue between a national park being established and two surrounding Mien communities whose livelihoods depended on land and forest resources located inside the park. We show that local power asymmetries express themselves in participatory processes and that some of them might be obstacles to the emergence of an equitable concerted process. We also demonstrate that, through his methodological choices, the designer of a participatory process is able to overcome some of these obstacles, but to a certain extent only. Far from being neutral, the designer adopting a critical posture should attempt to make explicit all his underlying assumptions so that stakeholders can choose to accept them as legitimate or to reject them. However, this attempt faces limits in several situations, in particular with stakeholders who refuse to participate.
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Beyond the research–policy interface. Boundary arrangements at research–stakeholder interfaces in the policy debate on biofuel sustainability in Mozambique
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 27, S. 91-102
ISSN: 1462-9011
Room for the River: Room for Research? The case of depoldering De Noordwaard, the Netherlands
In: Science and public policy: journal of the Science Policy Foundation, Band 37, Heft 8, S. 611-627
ISSN: 1471-5430
Towards dynamic research configurations: A framework for reflection on the contribution of research to policy and innovation processes
In: Science and public policy: journal of the Science Policy Foundation, Band 41, Heft 2, S. 207-218
ISSN: 1471-5430
A role-playing game as a tool to facilitate social learning and collective action towards Climate Smart Agriculture: Lessons learned from Apuí, Brazil
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 63, S. 113-121
ISSN: 1462-9011
Towards dynamic research configurations : A framework for reflection on the contribution of research to policy and innovation processes
In: Science and public policy: journal of the Science Policy Foundation, Band 41, Heft 2
ISSN: 1471-5430
Women's Resistance: An Alternative Perspective to Women's Participation in Community-Driven Development
In: The journal of development studies, Band 60, Heft 2, S. 179-195
ISSN: 1743-9140
Making Smallholder Value Chain Partnerships Inclusive: Exploring Digital Farm Monitoring through Farmer Friendly Smartphone Platforms
Value chain partnerships face difficulties achieving inclusive relations, often leading to unsustainable collaboration. Improving information flow between actors has been argued to contribute positively to a sense of inclusion in such partnership arrangements. Smallholders however usually lack the capability to use advanced communication technologies such as smartphones which offer a means for elaborate forms of information exchange. This study explores to what extent co-designing smartphone platforms with smallholders for farm monitoring contributes to smallholder ability to communicate, and how this influences smallholder sense of inclusion. The study uses an Action Design Research approach in engaging smallholders in Ghana, through multi-stakeholder and focus group discussions, in a reflexive co-design process. The research finds that co-designing a platform interface was significant in improving farmer ability to comprehend and use smartphone based platforms for communicating farm conditions and their needs with value chain partners. Farmers were however skeptical of making demands based on the platform due to their lack of power and mistrust of other actors. This highlights a need for adjusting the social and political dimensions of partnership interactions, in tandem with the advancement of digital tools, in order to effectively facilitate a sense of inclusiveness in partnerships.
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Partnerships blending institutional logics for inclusive global and regional food value chains in Ghana; with what smallholder effect?
We witness a promotion of hybrid partnerships, where actors with different competences and resources collaborate for smallholder inclusive value chain development. To better understand the functioning of these partnerships, we used institutional theory and studied the context of a global and emerging regional food value chains in Ghana, the blending of logics by key actors in Innovation Platforms and Public Private Partnerships, and their effect on value chain relations of smallholder farmers. In the global value chain of cocoa, partnerships adhered to 'green revolution' and 'free-market' logics, and provided all farmers material support. In the more informally organised regional food sector, local executing partners selectively coupled their logics with those of poor smallholders, who rely on low-input agriculture and solidarity logics to make ends meet. This improved the position and transaction costs of smallholders to participate in the value chain. Hence, it is more likely for partnerships to create smallholder inclusive governance in informally organised regional food value chains, than highly structured global value chains controlled by international buyers. To gain insight in the variety of political effects this triggers in different social–historical shaped farmer communities, households and actors, we recommend complementary local research from a critical institutional perspective.
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Partnerships Blending Institutional Logics for Inclusive Global and Regional Food Value Chains in Ghana; with What Smallholder Effect?
In: The European journal of development research, Band 34, Heft 5, S. 2179-2203
ISSN: 1743-9728
AbstractWe witness a promotion of hybrid partnerships, where actors with different competences and resources collaborate for smallholder inclusive value chain development. To better understand the functioning of these partnerships, we used institutional theory and studied the context of a global and emerging regional food value chains in Ghana, the blending of logics by key actors in Innovation Platforms and Public Private Partnerships, and their effect on value chain relations of smallholder farmers. In the global value chain of cocoa, partnerships adhered to 'green revolution' and 'free-market' logics, and provided all farmers material support. In the more informally organised regional food sector, local executing partners selectively coupled their logics with those of poor smallholders, who rely on low-input agriculture and solidarity logics to make ends meet. This improved the position and transaction costs of smallholders to participate in the value chain. Hence, it is more likely for partnerships to create smallholder inclusive governance in informally organised regional food value chains, than highly structured global value chains controlled by international buyers. To gain insight in the variety of political effects this triggers in different social–historical shaped farmer communities, households and actors, we recommend complementary local research from a critical institutional perspective.
Touchscreens for Aircraft Navigation Tasks: Comparing Accuracy and Throughput of Three Flight Deck Interfaces Using Fitts' Law
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 62, Heft 6, S. 897-908
ISSN: 1547-8181
Objective Use Fitts' law to compare accuracy and throughput of three flight deck interfaces for navigation. Background Industry is proposing touch-based solutions to modernize the flight management system. However, research evaluating touchscreen effectiveness for navigation tasks in terms of accuracy and throughput on the flight deck is lacking. Method An experiment was conducted with 14 participants in a flight simulator, aimed at creating Fitts' law accuracy and throughput models of three different flight deck interfaces used for navigation: the mode control panel, control display unit, and a touch-based navigation display. The former two constitute the conventional interface between the pilot and the flight management system, and the latter represents the industry-proposed solution for the future. Results Results indicate less accurate performance with the touchscreen navigation display compared to the other two interfaces and the throughput was lowest with the mode control panel. The control display unit was better in both accuracy and throughput, which is found to be largely attributed to the tactile and physical nature of the interface. Conclusion Although performance in terms of accuracy and throughput was better with the control display unit, a question remains whether, when used during a more realistic navigation task, performance is still better compared to a touch-based interface. Application This paper complements previous studies in the usage of aircraft touchscreens with new empirical insights into their accuracy and throughput, compared to conventional flight deck interfaces, using Fitts' law.