Suchergebnisse

INCE, Ikbal Agah/0000-0003-2299-9946 ; WOS: 000315608200021 ; PubMed: 23052394 ; The temporal expression of the 54 Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) virion protein genes was investigated by combining drug treatments that inhibit protein or DNA synthesis and an RT-PCR strategy particularly suitable for non-polyadenylated mRNAs. This method generates a uniform 3' terminus by ligation of a 5'-phosphorylated oligonucleotide to the 3' end of the transcript that is recognized by a complementary primer during RT-PCR. This analysis showed that CIV virion proteins are encoded by genes in all three predetermined temporal classes: 23 immediate-early, 11 delayed-early and seven late virion gene transcripts were identified and assigned to ORFs. Early transcription of many virion protein genes supports the notion that virion proteins may also play essential roles in the initial stages of infection. In addition, some of the early gene products present in the virion may reflect the intracellular path that the virus follows during infection. ; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); Graduate School for Production Ecology & Resource Conservation of Wageningen University, The NetherlandsNetherlands Government ; This research was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and a research project grant from the Graduate School for Production Ecology & Resource Conservation of Wageningen University, The Netherlands to I. A. I.

The genus Orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales) comprises over 170 named mosquito- and midge-borne viruses, several of which cause severe disease in animals or humans. Their three-segmented genomes enable reassortment with related viruses, which may result in novel viruses with altered host or tissue tropism and virulence. One such reassortant, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), emerged in north-western Europe in 2011. Shuni virus (SHUV) is an orthobunyavirus related to SBV that is associated with neurological disease in horses in southern Africa and recently caused an outbreak manifesting with neurological disease and birth defects among ruminants in Israel. The zoonotic potential of SHUV was recently underscored by its association with neurological disease in humans. We here report a reverse genetics system for SHUV and provide first evidence that the non-structural (NSs) protein of SHUV functions as an antagonist of host innate immune responses. We furthermore report the rescue of a reassortant containing the L and S segments of SBV and the M segment of SHUV. This novel reverse genetics system can now be used to study SHUV virulence and tropism, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive reassortment events. ; The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality of the Netherlands and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under LEAP-Agri grant agreement No 727715. ; http://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses ; hj2020 ; Medical Virology

Tsetse eradication continues to be a top priority for African governments including that of Senegal, which embarked on a project to eliminate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area, following an area-wide integrated pest management approach with an SIT component. A successful SIT programme requires competitive sterile males of high biological quality. This may be hampered by handling processes including irradiation and the release mechanisms, necessitating continued improvement of these processes, to maintain the quality of flies. A new prototype of an automated chilled adult release system (Bruno Spreader Innovation, (BSI™)) for tsetse flies was tested for its accuracy (in counting) and release rate consistency. Also, its impact on the quality of the released sterile males was evaluated on performance indicators, including flight propensity, mating competitiveness, premating and mating duration, insemination rate of mated females and survival of male flies. The BSITM release system accurately counted and homogenously released flies at the lowest motor speed set (0.6 rpm), at a consistent rate of 60±9.58 males/min. Also, the release process, chilling (6 ± 1°C) and passing of flies through the machine) had no significant negative impact on the male flight propensity, mating competitiveness, premating and mating durations and the insemination rates. Only the survival of flies was negatively affected whether under feeding or starvation. The positive results of this study show that the BSI™ release system is promising for use in future tsetse SIT programmes. However, the negative impact of the release process on survival of flies needs to be addressed in future studies and results of this study confirmed under operational field conditions in West Africa.

International audience ; According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritised for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the "100 of the world's worst", environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife, undomesticated plants and animals. Moreover, IAS are a significant source of 'pathogen pollution' defined as the human-mediated introduction, often unintentional, of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy and management. We identify ten key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps.

Acknowledgments The workshop was an activity of COST Action TD1209: ALIEN Challenge. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a pan-European intergovernmental framework. The mission of COST is to enable scientific and technological developments leading to new concepts and products and thereby contribute to strengthening Europe's research and innovation capacities. Additional support for HR, HH, and BVP was received from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology National Capability allocation (Project NEC05100 HARM: Frameworks for Horizon-scanning And Risk Mitigation of pathogens and invasive alien species (IAS) in changing UK and European environments) under the Natural Hazards Science Area. JP was partly supported by long-term research development project RVO 67985939 (The Czech Academy of Sciences). ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritized for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the "100 of the world's worst" environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife (undomesticated plants and animals). Moreover, IAS are a significant source of "pathogen pollution" defined as the human-mediated introduction of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy, and management. We identify 10 key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise, and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps.

According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritised for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the "100 of the world's worst", environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife, undomesticated plants and animals. Moreover, IAS are a significant source of 'pathogen pollution' defined as the human-mediated introduction, often unintentional, of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy and management. We identify ten key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps.