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The Department of Energy's 'new household electrification strategy' allows for any appropriate and affordable technology option to be applied towards achieving South Africa's non-grid electrification target of 300 000 households over the period 2014 to 2025. This paper describes the main legislative and regulatory framework governing the implementation of small-scale hydropower (SHP) projects in South Africa with the aim of attaining the objectives of the non-grid electrification component of the 'new household electrification strategy', and indicates that it is possible to implement such projects within South Africa's complex institutional architecture. The inclusion of run-of-river type small-scale hydropower projects for rural electrification in the 2016 updated General Authorisation eased the process of attaining regulatory compliance in terms the National Water Act. This implies that these types of SHP projects would only need to follow a registration process to obtain the required water use authorisation, and not a full water use licence application process.

In South Africa there is currently no notable use of modern small-scale hydrokinetic (HK) energy systems, mainly due to formerly low-cost coal-powered electricity. is renewable energy option makes use of the kinetic energy from owing water, rather than potential energy, which is more o en used in conventional hydropower. Updated re ned versions of this technology are now being investigated and manufactured due to the global drive towards reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy e ciency. ese modular units allow for installation of HK turbines into existing water infrastructure with very little civil works. e study's objective was to develop a simpli ed design and implementation process for HK devices within the South African legislative and regulatory environment. Approximately 66% of South Africa's water supply is used by the agricultural sector with more than 6 500 km of canal systems running through many areas which could bene t from alternative energy sources. e recent electricity crisis in the country allowed for problem resolution through funding opportunities and thereby an introduction of an innovative and sustainable technology to provide renewable electricity where otherwise not feasible. A pilot HK project was implemented in an applicable section on the Boegoeberg irrigation canal in the Northern Cape Province and tested for optimum functionality and correct application. is process allowed evolution of a development process for the implementation of HK devices in existing water infrastructure. ; South Africa Department of Science and Technology, Water Research Commission and University of Pretoria ; https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wsa ; pm2020 ; Civil Engineering