Suchergebnisse

In the mid-18th century, the Spanish Crown took action in the Guadiana riverbed to drain its banks and increase the land for cultivation and grazing. The project, which was demanded by the local elites, has been presented as a reflection of the antagonism between millers and cattle breeders in a context dominated by the government intention to increase state income. However, the plan was not intended to diminish the river influence, but also to reorder the natural resources of the region. This paper analyses the result of that public operation on the basis of the boundary carried out after the work was completed. To this end, the river situation after the drainage is studied. In addition, the socio-economic impact of that works has been analysed, as well as the institutional and jurisdictional changes that came of it. Finally, the landscape transformations and the problems which were encountered by the authorities in ensuring the permanence of the project have been also studied. For this purpose, historic records have been used, especially judicial ones. The result has been the confirmation that the landscape conditions that result of the project could not be durable, not only because of the vitality of the river environment, but of the diverging interests of the people who lived off of the river. ; A mediados del siglo XVIII, la Corona intervino en el cauce alto del río Guadiana para desecar su ribera y aumentar las tierras de cultivo y pasto. La obra, reclamada por las elites locales, se ha puesto como reflejo del antagonismo entre molineros y ganaderos en un contexto dominado por el deseo regio de aumentar los ingresos estatales. No obstante, el proyecto no solo pretendía disminuir la influencia del río, sino reordenar los recursos naturales de la comarca. Este trabajo analiza el resultado de aquella operación basándose en el deslinde ejecutado tras la finalización de la obra. Para ello se traza una panorámica del estado en que quedó la vega tras el drenaje del río, se analiza el impacto socioeconómico de ...

This paper analyses the details that characterized the negotiation and collection of the servicio de los naturales (a tax also named "donativo") from the year 1603 onwards, the last time of those three in which moriscos of Granada paid to the Hispanic Monarchy after the Alpujarras War, when they were settled in Castile. The author has analysed documents coming from the Archivo General de Simancas, but also those included in notary's protocols and in local archives. Its main contributions are three: to publish the content of the actual contract signed by the moriscos and the Crown; to contribute to set up a precise spatial distribution of the communities that paid the tax and, finally, to show the amounts delivered by them. Irregularities, problems, and conflicts lived while the precedent servicios were being paid, are analysed too. There are aspects that we know thanks to other previous works. Nevertheless, if they are considered in relation with the situation of the year 1603, they allow observing that all those difficulties were used in order to improve the servicio itself and the agreement between the minority and the King. ; El artículo analiza los pormenores que rodearon la negociación y recaudación del servicio fiscal de 1603, el último de los tres que los moriscos granadinos entregaron a la Corona tras su establecimiento en Castilla con posterioridad a la Guerra de las Alpujarras. Para su redacción se ha hecho uso de documentación conservada en el Archivo General de Simancas, aunque también se ha recurrido a informaciones procedentes de archivos de protocolos y municipales. Entre sus principales aportaciones caben destacar tres aspectos: da a conocer el contenido de las cláusulas que conformaron el asiento final firmado entre moriscos y Corona; contribuye a establecer una geografía precisa de las aljamas implicadas en el pago del impuesto y, finalmente, proporciona cifras concretas en torno a las cantidades comprometidas por cada comunidad. Junto a ello, se analizan las irregularidades, problemas y situaciones experimentadas en servicios anteriores, aspectos ya conocidos pero que, vistos en relación al texto del acuerdo de 1603, permiten observar cómo condicionaron la negociación y sirvieron para perfilar y perfeccionar el articulado del contrato final suscrito entre la minoría y el monarca.

The book presents the conception and realization of a pervasive electronic architecture for electrochemical applications, focusing on electronic instrumentation design and device development, particularly in electrochemical Point-of-Care and Lab-on-a-Chip devices, covering examples based on amperometric (DC) and impedance detection (AC) techniques. The presented electronics combine tailored front-end instrumentation and back-end data post-processing, enabling applications in different areas, and across a variety of techniques, analytes, transducers and environments.It addresses how the electronics are designed and implemented with special interest in the flow process: starting from electronic circuits and electrochemical biosensor design to a final validation and implementation for specific applications. Similarly, other important aspects are discussed throughout the book, such as electrochemical techniques, different analytes, targets, electronics reliability and robustness. The book also describes the use of the presented electronics in different electrochemical applications through some examples: instantaneous and non-destructive cellular monitoring and portable glucose monitoring device.Moreover, the book aims to introduce a comprehensive approach to electronic circuits, techniques and electrochemical sensors in POC devices to a general audience of students in biomedical and electronics engineering, scientists, and engineers. Dr. Jaime Punter-Villagrasareceived his BSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Barcelona (UB) in 2008. From 2007 to 2008 he worked as firmware design engineer at the printing department from Hewlett-Packard Development Company. In 2010, he received his MSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Barcelona (UB). In 2016 he received his PhD degree from the UB. Since 2008, he works as fellow researcher at the BioEngineering and NanoBioEngineering-SIC-BIO Group of the UB, focusing on low-voltage low-power circuits, interface circuits for biomedical applications, and microelectronic design, and since 2015 collaborates with the IMB-CNM (CSIC) within the DADDi2 project. Dr. JordiColomer-Farraronsreceived his BSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from EUSS (Salesians Technical Engineering School) in 2002. From 2002 to 2005 he worked as hardware design engineer at the automotive company Francisco Albero SA. In 2005, he received his MSc. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Barcelona (UB). In 2010 he received his PhD degree from the UB. Since 2009, he works as fellow researcher at the BioEngineering and NanoBioEngineering-SIC-BIO Group of the UB, focusing on low-voltage low-power circuits, smart power, harvesting circuits, interface circuits for biomedical applications, and microelectronic design. From April to July 2009, he joined the Designs Service Department at IMEC's INVOMEC Division (Belgium). On 2011, he was with the HOLST Centre at the Eindhoven Campus (The Netherlands) and in 2014 he moves to LAAS-CNRS in Toulouse (France) as a visiting researcher. Since July 2015 he is the Biomedical Engineering Master's Degree Coordinator (UB) and since 2016 collaborates as visiting professor with the Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM-TEC) (Monterrey - Mexico). F. Javier del Campois a staff scientist at the National MicroelectronicsCentre, IMB-CNM (CSIC). Javier is a specialist in the miniaturization and integration of electrochemical devices, particularly sensors and biosensors, for Health Applications. Dr. del Campoholds a BSc in Chemistry from Strathclyde University (UK) and the University of the Basque Country (ES), andobtained a DPhil from the University of Oxford (Electrochemistry). After his doctoral studies, Javier worked joined Accents plc (now Accentus Medical Ltd.), in the UK, where he took part in a number of contract research projects dealing with industrial-scale electrochemical applications. In 2004, Javier joined the National Microelectronics Centre. His work on miniaturization has led him to combine a range of fabrication techniques (micro- and nano- fabrication, screen-printing, rapid prototyping) and Electrochemical methods.Dr. Pere Miribel-Catalàreceived his MSc. degree in Physics from the University of Barcelona (UB) in 1994. From 1993 to 1999 he was research fellow at Systems for Instrumentation and Communications Laboratory (SIC Lab) of the University of Barcelona working on high voltage smart power circuits and microelectronic design. He was visiting research fellow in 1998 at LAAS-CNRS laboratory (Toulouse, France). He received his PhD degree from the University of Barcelona in 2000. He also worked designing power management integrated DCDC converters during a postdoctoral stage at the design center of ON semiconductor Inc. (Toulouse, France). Since 2003 he is Associate Professor at the Electronics Department and part of the BioEngineering and NanoBioEngineering-SICBIO Group of the University of Barcelona. His research topics are focused on low-voltage low-power integrated circuits, interface and analog processing circuits, particularly for biomedical applications, smart power and power management circuits. He was the Biomedical Engineering Master Coordinator (UB) from March 2013 till July 2015.