Suchergebnisse

Focusing on neo-extractivism, this article analyzes the institutional weakening and dismantling of indigenous, quilombola and environmental policies. The reduction of budgets, weakening of management and removal of responsibilities (or deviation from function) of Funai, Fundação Palmares, Incra and ICMBio in the recent period were subjected to analysis. Studies show that public agencies faced managerial instability, deepening institutional dismantling and loss of operational capacity, especially with the reduction of budgets and restrictions. The indigenous agency had to work with only a third of its normal workforce, due to a restriction of 90% of the budget, while the agency responsible for recognizing quilombola communities had its budget reduced by 58% in 2019 the lowest budget of the decade. The budget allocated to the demarcation and entitling of quilombola lands was reduced by 89% between 2014 and 2019. The ICMBio suffered less budget reduction, but experienced a process of militarization and the emptying of its powers. The study concludes that neo-extractive development, despite an initial period of social policies, income distribution and poverty reduction, is now, in the context of a 'return' of the ultra-neoliberal logic combined now with fundamentalist denial, threatening rights guaranteed in the Federal Constitution, such as the right to land and to an ecologically balanced environment.

This article discusses grilagem (land grabbing) in the Cerrado, particularly in Matopiba territory, which is seen as the newest and largest global agricultural frontier. It examines how the Rural Environmental Cadastre (CAR), created in 2012, has become an instrument for land and green grabbing. The analysis draws on empirical evidence on overlapping land cadastres and conflict in Piauí. The CAR has favoured green grabbing due to weak land governance, allowing the appropriation of land and nature through claims of environmental protection. The article highlights resource appropriations on the frontier that reflect the 'unequal ecological exchange', and the 'metabolic rift', that characterises the global capitalist system. It contributes to a highly topical debate on green grabbing, in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability. Crucially, it offers a perspective of the global South, on how the green agenda is being used through legal tools as a mechanism of resource appropriation.