Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the prospects for the universities development in the modern knowledge society. The main objective of the research is to determine the conditions for the universities transformation from relatively close knowledge-generating structures to the full-fledged constituents of the civil society. To this end, various factors are examined that form the external environment of universities and impact the establishment of their internal context. The research is conducted with the use of comparative analysis method which allows revealing the common and specific features in the development trends of American, European, and Russian universities. The state and market are considered as significant elements of the external environment. It is shown that in the democratic post-industrial society the state traditionally playing a key role in universities development delegates a number of its functions in terms of university management to the civil societies. The substantiation is provided for the necessity to form the universities' strategy in the market environment as a means for enhancing their competitiveness. The author further shows how such factors as globalization, internationalization and demography change impact the implementation of both the challenging task of establishing world class universities and the objective to implement the principle of equal opportunities in the educational field. Eventually, a number of conditions are defined that will allow making universities and higher education as a whole not only part of innovative economy but also the foundation for sustainable and fair society.

It is a commonplace statement of modern historiography that aft er the transfer of the Don Cossack Host from the jurisdiction of the Ambas-sadorial Prikaz to the Military Collegium in 1721 it completely lost its autonomy. In recent years, however, such an assessment of the infl uence of the Emperor's Edict of 3 March 1721 on the position of the Don Cossacks is reconsidered. Th eir status in the post-Petrine period can be clarifi ed through the study of personal letters of the Russian autocrats to the Don. Th e research aims to show Empress Anna Ioannovna's attitude to the Don Cossacks on the basis of the letters she sent during the Russian-Turkish war (1735–1739). Th e letters as a form of cor-respondence between the supreme power and the Don Cossacks' community are examined in the context of the historical-typological approach to the study of historical sources, which involves the formulaic analysis. Th e article deals with the following topics: the place of letters in the system of legislative and clerical materials of the Russian state and the Russian Empire, the requirements to the letters, established by Peter I in the course of his reforms of state administration, the procedure of creation of letters in the personal offi ce of the Empress (Cabinet of Ministers) and the Senate, and peculiarities of letters, sent to the Don. Th e research of the imperial letters of 1735–1739 leads to the conclusion that during this period the Don Cossack Host was in a state of "special subjection": on the one hand, like during the rule of Peter the Great, it was directly subordinated to the autocrat, while enjoying at the same time a certain degree of independence, on the other hand, it received letters of diplomatic character from Anna Ioan-novna. Th e letters of 1735–1739 reveal the principle of mutual benefi t as the basis of relations between the Russian supreme power and the Don Cossack Host. Th is principle was declared inviolable not only in Anna Ioannovna's correspondence, but also earlier, in the Tsar's letters in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Radical changes in relations between Russian authorities and the Don Cossack Host started in the 1770s.

In recent years, the values of inclusive education have been updated in Russian education and society. The paper analyzes the status of inclusive education in Russia. The creation of an adaptive (inclusive) environment, which implies the available education for all students in terms of adapting to the different needs of children with disabilities, is a prerequisite for the implementation of inclusive principles in educational institutions at all levels. The introduction of elements of social and cultural activities into the inclusive educational process will help the actors of an inclusive process master cultural standards and patterns of behavior, meet the spiritual needs and needs for communication, will contribute to their positive perceptions of each other and change the attitude towards the phenomenon of disability. The creative social and cultural environment of the inclusive educational space makes it possible to facilitate the socialization of children with special educational needs.

The work is dedicated to the life and work of Olga Aleksandrovna Shleisner – the daughter of a retired officer, landowner of the Oryol province, who became a member of one of the populist circles, and then the wife of M. A. Nathanson. She played a very important role in the formation of the first populist organizations, while she spent most of her life under police supervision and in custody. To compile her biography, documentary materials of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Justice were used. The article discusses the vicissitudes of her life in exile with her husband, as well as their joint activities to form the "Land and Freedom" party, their arrests and imprisonment. Some attention was also paid to the family members of Olga Alexandrovna – her father, brothers and sister, who were with her throughout her short life.

Ad Memoriam

Статья посвящена описанию диалогичности категории будущего времени в медийных текстах. На различных примерах автор приходит к выводу, что внутренняя диалогичность категории как одного из ресурсов словотворчества становится все более яркой для британской массовой прессы. В результате исследования очевидным фактом для автора стало то, что форма преподнесения материала для читателя во всех жанрах публицистики меняется из-за снижения этико-стилистических норм речи, определяемых прогрессирующей демократизацией общения. Результаты новизны работы представлены в описании категории будущего времени как сложного явления, передающего с помощью внутреннего диалога с читателем различные смыслы автора и определяющего отношение журналиста к представленной информации. Автор статьи утверждает, что внутренняя диалогичность категории является стержнем семантики будущего, в основе которого лежит желание автора передать свои убеждения и оказать воздействие на читателя с помощью языковых средств категории будущего времени. ; The article describes the internal dialogic nature of the Future Tense category in mass media texts. On the example of various texts, the author comes to the conclusion that the internal dialogic nature of the category as one of the resources of word creation is becoming more and more vivid in the British mass media texts. As a result of the research, it is an obvious fact for the author that the form of presenting the article to reader in all genres of journalism is changing due to the decrease in ethical and stylistic norms of speech, determined by the progressive democratization of communication. The results of the novelty of the work are presented in the description of the Future Tense category as a complex phenomenon that has different author's meanings because of the internal dialogue with reader, and determines the journalist's attitude to the presented information. The author of the article tells that the internal dialogic nature of the category is the basis of the future semantics, which is based on the author's desire to describe his beliefs and influence the reader using the language means of the Future Tense category.