Optimized Yolov5 Algorithm for High-Precision Inspection of Surface Defects in Aluminum Profiles
In: COMIND-D-24-00990
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In: COMIND-D-24-00990
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In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 194, S. 110360
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: PNAS nexus, Band 1, Heft 5
ISSN: 2752-6542
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea, has been widely harnessed for genome editing, including gene knockouts and knockins, single-base editing, gene activation, and silencing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fluctuations in the genome editing efficiency of crispr in various cells under different conditions remain poorly understood. In this work, we found that Cas9 can be ac(et)ylated by acetyl-phosphate or acyl-CoA metabolites both in vitro and in vivo. Several modifications are associated with the DNA or sgRNA binding sites. Notably, ac(et)ylation of Cas9 driven by these metabolites in host cells potently inhibited its binding and cleavage activity with the target DNA, thereby decreasing Crispr genome editing efficiency. This study provides more insights into understanding the effect of the intracellular environment on genome editing application of crispr with varying efficiency in hosts.
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 229, S. 113066
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 249, S. 114370
ISSN: 1090-2414
Melanization and encapsulation are prominent defense responses against microbes detected by pattern recognition receptors of their host insects. In the ghost moth Thitarodes xiaojinensis, an activated immune system can melanize and encapsulate the fungus Cordyceps militaris. However, these responses were hardly detected in the host hemolymph postinfection of another fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. The immune interaction between O. sinensis and the host remains largely unknown, which hinders the artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps. We found that T. xiaojinensis β-1,3-glucan recognition protein-1 (βGRP1) was needed for prophenoloxidase activation induced by C. militaris. Failure of βGRP1 to recognize O. sinensis is a primary reason for the lack of melanization in the infected host. Lyticase or snailase treatment combined with binding and immunofluorescence detection showed the existence of a protective layer preventing the fungus from βGRP1 recognition. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that βGRP1 interacted with immulectin-8 (IML8) via binding to C. militaris. IML8 promotes encapsulation. This study suggests the roles of T. xiaojinensis βGRP1 and IML8 in modulating immune responses against C. militaris. Most importantly, the data indicate that O. sinensis may evade melanization by preventing βGRP1 recognition.
BASE
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 245, S. 114104
ISSN: 1090-2414