Suchergebnisse

Despite the growing effort to promote walking to school through environmental interventions, the corresponding impact of residential self-selection has not been examined. This study investigated how built environments, social factors, and personal factors, including self-selection of a close-to-child's-school home and a walkable neighborhood, influenced walking-to-school behaviors. Parental survey data from 20 elementary schools in Austin, Texas, were analyzed using structural equation models. Significant factors included self-selection variables, parental education, car ownership, number of adults/children in the household, school bus availability, parental perceived home-to-school distance, and the presence of convenience stores, bus stops, and office buildings en route to school. The self-selection of a close-to-child's-school home had a smaller effect on walking-to-school behaviors than parental perception of home-to-school distance. The self-selection of a walkable neighborhood was significant, while parental perception of their neighborhood's walkability was insignificant. Future efforts to promote walking to school should include both environmental interventions and educational programs.

Objective To identify environmental features of multi-family housing (MFH) and their surrounding neighborhoods that influence residents' physical activity (PA). Data Source Articles published between January 2000 and September 2023 were identified from major social science, medical, health, behavioral science, and urban studies databases. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Studies were included if they (a) were empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and written in English; (b) focused on the MFH environment or the surrounding neighborhood; and (c) had at least one PA outcome. Data Extraction Data was extracted regarding the study objective, location, study sample, research design, results related to MFH and neighborhood environment, and limitations. Data Synthesis Descriptive summary of study characteristics and analysis to identify emerging themes at three spatial scales (i.e., building, site , and neighborhood). Results Findings from 35 identified articles revealed factors influencing MFH residents' PA. On the building level, typology (apartment, townhouse) and tenure (public, market rent) showed contrasting correlations with PA in different age groups. On the site level, the presence of PA facilities and safe, walking-friendly environments promoted PA. On the neighborhood level, safety, quality of PA and pedestrian infrastructure, upkeep, air quality, aesthetics, neighborhood satisfaction, street connectivity, walkability, land use mix, density, and public transport promoted PA. Conclusion Study findings highlight the importance of the MFH environments in promoting PA, especially in older adults and young children. With increasing housing demand, understanding diverse MFH typologies and the impact of interventions on multi-spatial scales can help promote healthy and activity-friendly communities.

At present, with the development of "double-carbon", it has an important impact on the investment form of the power grid, and the emerging investment objects continue to expand, and the new investment management mode is constantly highlighted. In this context, in-depth research is carried out on the total factor carbon measurement of new power system construction projects, and the total factor measurement framework system and technical method are put forward, which is conducive to improving the efficiency and efficiency level of investment control of power grid enterprises. Therefore, this paper puts forward the implicit carbon measurement and structure decomposition technology of power grid engineering based on structural analysis method, which provides support and reference for project type division and scientific decision-making under the new situation of power grid enterprises.