Suchergebnisse

The significance of the role of person–organization (PO) fit in forming employees' work attitudes, such as turnover intention, has been established. We examined whether or not Chinese employees' professional identity can be both an additional predictor of, and moderate the effect
of PO fit on, turnover intention. The results of a survey that we conducted among 256 Chinese civil servants showed that employees' professional identity and perceived PO fit each made a unique contribution to predicting their turnover intention. Moreover, the established relationship between
PO fit and turnover intention was significantly stronger among people with lower professional identity than among those with higher professional identity. Theoretical and practical implications for organizational management are discussed.

Emotions have a social effect in that individuals' emotions, attitudes, decisions, and behavior are affected by their perceptions of others' emotions through social interactions. We introduce the social influence of emotions perspective to the career intentions literature and demonstrate how entrepreneurial friends' work-related emotions influence university students' entrepreneurial career intentions. Using an experimental design ([Formula: see text]), we reveal that entrepreneurial friends' displayed positive emotions directly encourage students' entrepreneurial career intentions, whereas negative emotions discourage students' intentions indirectly by reducing the perceived desirability of being an entrepreneur. Our research contributes to the literature on career intentions, entrepreneurial intention, and emotions in the entrepreneurship context.

We investigated the dimensionality of employer brand in the Chinese context and developed a scale to assess its underlying dimensions. We conducted 4 focus-group interviews to explore the domain content and components of employer brand. Based on the qualitative interviews, we conducted
a survey (N = 912) to develop and validate the employer brand scale. The results revealed a 5-dimensional structure of employer brand in the Chinese context, which implied that explicit functional factors predominate the Chinese employer brand rather than the functional-symbolic structure
of that prevails in the Western context. Among the 5 dimensions, work-life effectiveness and organization mark seemed unique to the Chinese context while the other 3 dimensions were similar to those found in the Western context. Testing of a 29-item scale representing the 5 dimensions showed
good psychometric properties. This research contributes to the understanding of employer brand and how it is perceived by job applicants in a culture outside of the Western world.

Determining the number of synapses that are present in different brain regions is crucial to understand brain connectivity as a whole. Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are a family of scaffolding proteins that are expressed in excitatory glutamatergic synapses. We used genetic labeling of two of these proteins (PSD95 and SAP102), and Spinning Disc confocal Microscopy (SDM), to estimate the number of fluorescent puncta in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. We also used FIB-SEM, a three-dimensional electron microscopy technique, to calculate the actual numbers of synapses in the same area. We then estimated the ratio between the three-dimensional densities obtained with FIB-SEM (synapses/µm) and the bi-dimensional densities obtained with SDM (puncta/100 µm). Given that it is impractical to use FIB-SEM brain-wide, we used previously available SDM data from other brain regions and we applied this ratio as a conversion factor to estimate the minimum density of synapses in those regions. We found the highest densities of synapses in the isocortex, olfactory areas, hippocampal formation and cortical subplate. Low densities were found in the pallidum, hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum. Finally, the striatum and thalamus showed a wide range of synapse densities. ; This work was supported by grants from the following entities: the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades" (Grant PGC2018-094307-B-I00 and the Cajal Blue Brain Project [C080020-09; the Spanish partner of the Blue Brain Project initiative from EPFL, Switzerland]; the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 785907 (Human Brain Project, SGA2); the Wellcome Trust (Technology Development Grant 202932); and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (695568 SYNNOVATE). L.T.-R. is a recipient of grants from the EMBO Long-term fellowship 2016–2018 and the IBRO-PERC InEurope grants programme.

Authors would like to acknowledge the following funders: Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Association UK (Miles/Apr18/863-791), the Euan MacDonald Centre and Chief Scientist Office, The European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (695568 SYNNOVATE), Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (529085), and the Wellcome Trust (Technology Development grant 202932). ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Separate lines of evidence suggest that synapses and astrocytes play a role in the pathological mechanisms underlying ALS. Given that astrocytes make specialised contacts with some synapses, called tripartite synapses, we hypothesise that tripartite synapses could act as the fulcrum of disease in ALS. To test this hypothesis, we have performed an extensive microscopy-based investigation of synapses and tripartite synapses in the spinal cord of ALS model mice and post-mortem human tissue from ALS cases. We reveal widescale synaptic changes at the early symptomatic stages of the SOD1G93a mouse model. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that large complex postsynaptic structures are lost in ALS mice. Most surprisingly, tripartite synapses are selectively lost, while non-tripartite synapses remain in equal number to healthy controls. Finally, we also observe a similar selective loss of tripartite synapses in human post-mortem ALS spinal cords. From these data we conclude that tripartite synaptopathy is a key hallmark of ALS. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

Support from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no. 604102 (HBP), 241995 (GENCODYS), 242498 (EUROSPIN), 242167 (SYNSYS). ; The molecular features of synapses in the hippocampus underpin current models of learning and cognition. Although synapse ultra-structural diversity has been described in the canonical hippocampal circuitry, our knowledge of sub-synaptic organisation of synaptic molecules remains largely unknown. To address this, mice were engineered to express Post Synaptic Density 95 protein (PSD95) fused to either eGFP or mEos2 and imaged with two orthogonal super-resolution methods: gated stimulated emission depletion (g-STED) microscopy and photoactivated localisation microscopy (PALM). Large-scale analysis of ~100,000 synapses in 7 hippocampal sub-regions revealed they comprised discrete PSD95 nanoclusters that were spatially organised into single and multi-nanocluster PSDs. Synapses in different sub-regions, cell-types and locations along the dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal neurons, showed diversity characterised by the number of nanoclusters per synapse. Multi-nanocluster synapses were frequently found in the CA3 and dentate gyrus sub-regions, corresponding to large thorny excrescence synapses. Although the structure of individual nanoclusters remained relatively conserved across all sub-regions, PSD95 packing into nanoclusters also varied between sub-regions determined from nanocluster fluorescence intensity. These data identify PSD95 nanoclusters as a basic structural unit, or building block, of excitatory synapses and their number characterizes synapse size and structural diversity. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed