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The concept of state is the core problem of political philosophy. What kind of concept of state we adhere to must be in accordance with what kind of value principles for the distribution of political interests. The view of the state has distinct class nature and ideological color. The concept of state is not only the theoretical problem of thinking about political phenomena and exploring political activities from a certain historical condition, but also the important practice of participating in political practice, realizing political rights, and promoting the development of democratic politics. A complete, accurate, in-depth understanding of the view of the state in The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State has special importance to learn to understand Marxist state theory, to adhere to the principle of unifying the history and ethics reform world, to realize the abundance of material and spiritual civilization, to realize the liberation of people and understanding the theory of communism.

One of the significant features of post-World War II global economic development has been the accelerated rise of emerging markets, which have become important forces in leading global economic development, as well as in changing global politics and economics. The 1990s saw the rise of a group of large emerging markets, including China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey, South Africa, and Vietnam. The rapid development of these markets has brought stability and prosperity to the world economy and brought impetus to the reform of global governance systems. Among them, China, India, Russi

Many people want to do business with China, but very few foreign business people have an understanding and appreciation of how business is actually conducted in the country. This book offers insights into the history, philosophy, and practice of business in China today. The book begins by asking several key questions about business in China: Why is it a common phenomenon in China that one prefers being a leader in a small organization to being led in a big one? Why is it common in Chinese enterprises that within an organization there is generally a bureaucracy to control a network of comparati

BACKGROUND: Improving basic public health services efficiency becomes priority to guarantee its sustainability for Chinese government. This study aimed to explore basic public health services efficiency and its influencing factors between urban and rural in Shandong Province, China, providing policy implications to improve efficiency. METHODS: This research assessed basic public health services efficiency of 54 districts (representing urban) and 83 counties (representing rural) in Shandong, China, from 2014 to 2019. The data were obtained from Medical Management Service Center of Shandong Health Commission and Statistical Yearbooks. Input variables were subsidy funds, public health staffs and material expenditures. Output variables were assessment indicators covered all service contents from national standard. The data envelopment analysis and panel tobit regression were used to measure efficiency scores and efficiency influencing factors. RESULTS: Basic public health services efficiency scores of urban were higher than those of rural during 2014 to 2019. Scale efficiency change and technological change promoted basic public health services total factor productivity change of urban and rural respectively. Panel tobit regression indicated that proportion of health expenditures in general public budget expenditures (P0.10). CONCLUSION: To improve basic public health services efficiency, urban should focus on health resource structure, especially increasing primary medical and health institutions and public health personnel. Rural should expand the input scale, paying more attention to subsidy funds and public health ...

Fankun Cao,1,2 Yan Xi,3 Chao Zheng,1,2 Tongyu Bai,4 Qiang Sun1,2 1Center for Health Management and Policy Research of Public Health School, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; 2NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; 3Health Commission of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; 4Primary Health Department, Health Commission of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Sun, Email qiangs@sdu.edu.cnBackground: Improving basic public health services efficiency becomes priority to guarantee its sustainability for Chinese government. This study aimed to explore basic public health services efficiency and its influencing factors between urban and rural in Shandong Province, China, providing policy implications to improve efficiency.Methods: This research assessed basic public health services efficiency of 54 districts (representing urban) and 83 counties (representing rural) in Shandong, China, from 2014 to 2019. The data were obtained from Medical Management Service Center of Shandong Health Commission and Statistical Yearbooks. Input variables were subsidy funds, public health staffs and material expenditures. Output variables were assessment indicators covered all service contents from national standard. The data envelopment analysis and panel tobit regression were used to measure efficiency scores and efficiency influencing factors.Results: Basic public health services efficiency scores of urban were higher than those of rural during 2014 to 2019. Scale efficiency change and technological change promoted basic public health services total factor productivity change of urban and rural respectively. Panel tobit regression indicated that proportion of health expenditures in general public budget expenditures (P 0.10).Conclusion: To improve basic public health services efficiency, urban should focus on health resource structure, especially increasing primary medical and health institutions and public health personnel. Rural should expand the input scale, paying more attention to subsidy funds and public health personnel expenditures. The government should also care strengthening the guidance to primary medical and health institutions from professional health institutions.Keywords: basic public health services efficiency, urban, rural, data envelopment analysis, panel tobit regression