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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Theoretical Framework -- 1 Connotations of Urban Metabolism -- 1.1 The Concept of an Urban Organism and Ecosystem -- 1.2 Multi-level Similarity of Urban Systems to Organisms -- 1.2.1 Similarity of the Structural Hierarchy -- 1.2.2 Similarity of the Functional Mechanisms -- 1.3 Evolution of the Concept of an Urban Metabolism -- 1.4 Urban Metabolic Processes -- 1.4.1 Metabolic Phases -- 1.4.2 External and Internal Flows -- 1.4.3 Anabolism, Catabolism, and Regulatory Metabolism -- 1.4.4 Metabolic Linkages -- 1.4.5 Metabolic Chains -- 1.4.6 Classification of the Metabolic Actors -- 1.4.7 Characteristics of the Metabolic Actors -- 1.5 Urban Metabolic Characteristics -- 1.5.1 Growth and Development -- 1.5.2 Openness and Dependency -- 1.5.3 Stability and Robustness -- References -- 2 Progress in Urban Metabolism Research -- 2.1 The Significance of Urban Metabolism Research -- 2.1.1 Feasibility -- 2.1.2 Necessity -- 2.1.3 Urgency -- 2.2 CiteSpace Knowledge Mapping Analysis -- 2.2.1 The Number of Publications -- 2.2.2 Collaborative Network Analysis -- 2.2.3 Discipline Co-occurrence Analysis -- 2.3 Research Frontier Analysis -- 2.3.1 Timeline Analysis -- 2.3.2 Cluster Analysis -- 2.3.3 Burst Analysis -- 2.3.4 Cluster Analysis for Co-cited References -- 2.3.5 Analysis of High-Frequency Co-cited Literature -- 2.4 Development Stage of Urban Metabolism Research -- 2.4.1 Early Period (1965-1980) -- 2.4.2 Slow Growth Period (1981-2000) -- 2.4.3 Rising Period (2001-Present) -- 2.5 Historical Evolution of Urban Metabolism Research -- 2.5.1 Accounting Evaluation Methods -- 2.5.2 Model Simulation -- 2.5.3 Application Research -- 2.5.4 Scales and Boundaries -- References -- 3 Theory, Paradigms, and Technical Methods for Urban Metabolism -- 3.1 Composite Ecosystem Theory -- 3.1.1 Natural Subsystem -- 3.1.2 Socioeconomic Subsystem.

"This book provides the basic theory, method framework and application results of urban metabolism. Urban metabolism is an important research philosophy and approach for analyzing urban mega organism and its ecological environmental problems. It has constantly formed quantitative network research framework and analysis methods in a metaphor way and expanded its application in different scales such as global, national, urban agglomeration and city to support the process of multi-scale regional sustainable development"--

PurposeMuch prior work involving director incentives and corporate behaviour has been focussing on their absolute dollar value or the intrinsic value and generated mixed findings. Comparison theories, however, suggest that the relative value of an incentive may be the main drive for individual performance. This study attempts to investigate the role of director relative pay in promoting the board's intervention with unrelated diversification decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis uses data from firms operating in more than one segment during the period from 1999 to 2019. Data were obtained from WRDS databases. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis and the two-stage system generalized method of moments (GMM) were run to test the hypotheses. To test the robustness of the findings, alternative proxies for the key independent variables were used in separate analyses.FindingsThe results support the hypothesis that unrelated diversification negatively impact firm performance, while higher director relative pay will help reduce unrelated business diversification. The absolute director pay, however, has no significant impact on corporate strategic choices. The results also highlight the moderating effect of director overcompensation. Director overcompensation will cancel out the impact of relative director pay on unrelated diversification.Originality/valueThis study takes a fresh theoretical perspective by framing the investigation using the dimensional comparison theory to address the single untended comparison framework in the director pay structure – the intra-individual framework. It is the first to investigate the role of director relative pay in corporate strategic choices. The findings support the contention that the relative value of the incentive is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the pay.

This article aims to explore the aesthetic thinking of piano performance teaching in universities under the vision of artistic philosophy, with a view to improving the aesthetic perception and appreciation ability of contemporary college students, cultivating students' artistic thinking, and promoting the integration of performance skills and emotions.

AbstractGovernance is essentially a dynamic mechanism to promote collective action for the common good. The Chinese concept of the public/common (gōnggòng) and its political philosophy of Grand Union governance provide an alternative perspective for understanding such dynamics from the unit of family through institutions to the state-embedded society. Three critical arguments with interconnected elements are analysed: governance as a dynamic mechanism; review of the historical, philosophical and political legacy of Chinese governance; and proposal of a framework for governance of the Grand Union. It concludes that 'Chinese characteristics', such as diverse adaptations, gradual flexibility, experimental pragmatism, and polycentric balance with a strong central state are all deeply rooted in its pre-revolutionary ancien régime. In order to understand these seemingly different institutions and values, we need to revisit their original functionality of governing for the common good.

Traditionally, women had the day-to-day responsibility for eldercare. However, social changes have created alternatives for men to take on what is generally considered a "female duty." Particularly, as the prevalence of dementia has increased in China, men are increasingly becoming the primary caregivers for their kin. Yet, we have limited understanding of male caregiving. Based on twenty months' ethnographic study of 60 men taking care of a relative with dementia, this paper examines motivations, practices, struggles and strategies of male caregivers. While acknowledging the gendered nature of caregiving, I argue that eldercare goes beyond solely social construction of gender roles and power asymmetries between males and females. Men—both husbands and sons—who engage in caregiving are motivated by love, affection, moral obligation, reciprocity based on past assistance, and property inheritance. Male caregivers' care practices and their responses toward challenges vary from case to case, yet, these differences have less association with gender identity but more with cohort variations. The expanding home roles of male caregivers call attention to the social transformation of gendered care practices in China and beyond.

The increasing number of dementia sufferers in China has transformed dementia care from a private issue to a public concern. Nationwide dementia-friendly campaigns have intensified debates about what constitutes "good" care. In response to these campaigns, the Shanghai government proposes a systematic care model, which stresses the need for dementia-care units and professionalization. Non-state actors, however, focus on the relational care model, which integrates western humanitarian ethics with Confucian values. This article employs cultural and structural frameworks to examine why and how a specific form of "good" care is constructed in China. The debates about the establishment of dementia-care units and the professionalization of eldercare enable us to understand how politics shape certain forms of care.

Destiny is an inescapable theme not only in Greek tragedy, but also in Chinese classical tragedy. However, due to the social, political and cultural differences between Greece and China in ancient times, the expressions of destiny in the classical tragedy of the two countries are definitely not identical. The objective of this thesis is to compare the conception of destiny in Greek tragedy with that in Chinese classical tragedy. After a brief introduction of the definitions of tragedy and destiny, we summarize the characteristics of several related aspects about the representation of destiny in the two tragedies, in terms of the corpus, the main conflict, the protagonist and the ending of the play. Then, by investigating three Greek plays and three Chinese plays respectively, we discover the evolution peculiarities of the conception of destiny in each play, namely the decline of the importance of destiny and the growth of rebellious spirit of the protagonists against destiny. Finally, through the analysis from various perspectives such as societal mutations, ideological changes and personal experiences of playwrights, it can be deduced that it is the development of the spirit of humanism which mainly contributes to the similar evolution of the conception of destiny in Greek and Chinese tragedies. ; Le destin est une notion incontournable non seulement dans la tragédie grecque, mais également dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Néanmoins, étant donné les différences sociales, politiques et culturelles entre la Grèce et la Chine dans l'Antiquité, les expressions de la destinée dans la tragédie classique de chacun de ces deux pays ne sont certes pas identiques. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à comparer la conception du destin tant dans la tragédie grecque que dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Après avoir présente brièvement les définitions de la tragédie et du destin, nous résumons des éléments relatifs à la représentation du destin dans des tragédies grecques et chinoises, sur les plans du corpus, du conflit principal, du protagoniste et de l'issue de la pièce. Ensuite, en analysant respectivement trois pièces grecques et trois pièces chinoises représentatives, nous découvrons les particularités de l'évolution de leurs conceptions du destin, à savoir l'affaiblissement de l'importance de la destinée et le progrès de l'esprit de résistance des personnages contre le destin. Finalement, à travers l'analyse de perspectives telles que les mutations sociétales, les changements idéologiques et les expériences personnelles des dramaturges, nous pouvons déduire que c'est le développement de l'esprit humaniste qui contribue principalement à une évolution semblable de la conception du destin dans la tragédie grecque et dans la tragédie chinoise.

Destiny is an inescapable theme not only in Greek tragedy, but also in Chinese classical tragedy. However, due to the social, political and cultural differences between Greece and China in ancient times, the expressions of destiny in the classical tragedy of the two countries are definitely not identical. The objective of this thesis is to compare the conception of destiny in Greek tragedy with that in Chinese classical tragedy. After a brief introduction of the definitions of tragedy and destiny, we summarize the characteristics of several related aspects about the representation of destiny in the two tragedies, in terms of the corpus, the main conflict, the protagonist and the ending of the play. Then, by investigating three Greek plays and three Chinese plays respectively, we discover the evolution peculiarities of the conception of destiny in each play, namely the decline of the importance of destiny and the growth of rebellious spirit of the protagonists against destiny. Finally, through the analysis from various perspectives such as societal mutations, ideological changes and personal experiences of playwrights, it can be deduced that it is the development of the spirit of humanism which mainly contributes to the similar evolution of the conception of destiny in Greek and Chinese tragedies. ; Le destin est une notion incontournable non seulement dans la tragédie grecque, mais également dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Néanmoins, étant donné les différences sociales, politiques et culturelles entre la Grèce et la Chine dans l'Antiquité, les expressions de la destinée dans la tragédie classique de chacun de ces deux pays ne sont certes pas identiques. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à comparer la conception du destin tant dans la tragédie grecque que dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Après avoir présente brièvement les définitions de la tragédie et du destin, nous résumons des éléments relatifs à la représentation du destin dans des tragédies grecques et chinoises, sur les plans du corpus, du ...

Destiny is an inescapable theme not only in Greek tragedy, but also in Chinese classical tragedy. However, due to the social, political and cultural differences between Greece and China in ancient times, the expressions of destiny in the classical tragedy of the two countries are definitely not identical. The objective of this thesis is to compare the conception of destiny in Greek tragedy with that in Chinese classical tragedy. After a brief introduction of the definitions of tragedy and destiny, we summarize the characteristics of several related aspects about the representation of destiny in the two tragedies, in terms of the corpus, the main conflict, the protagonist and the ending of the play. Then, by investigating three Greek plays and three Chinese plays respectively, we discover the evolution peculiarities of the conception of destiny in each play, namely the decline of the importance of destiny and the growth of rebellious spirit of the protagonists against destiny. Finally, through the analysis from various perspectives such as societal mutations, ideological changes and personal experiences of playwrights, it can be deduced that it is the development of the spirit of humanism which mainly contributes to the similar evolution of the conception of destiny in Greek and Chinese tragedies. ; Le destin est une notion incontournable non seulement dans la tragédie grecque, mais également dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Néanmoins, étant donné les différences sociales, politiques et culturelles entre la Grèce et la Chine dans l'Antiquité, les expressions de la destinée dans la tragédie classique de chacun de ces deux pays ne sont certes pas identiques. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à comparer la conception du destin tant dans la tragédie grecque que dans la tragédie classique chinoise. Après avoir présente brièvement les définitions de la tragédie et du destin, nous résumons des éléments relatifs à la représentation du destin dans des tragédies grecques et chinoises, sur les plans du corpus, du conflit principal, du protagoniste et de l'issue de la pièce. Ensuite, en analysant respectivement trois pièces grecques et trois pièces chinoises représentatives, nous découvrons les particularités de l'évolution de leurs conceptions du destin, à savoir l'affaiblissement de l'importance de la destinée et le progrès de l'esprit de résistance des personnages contre le destin. Finalement, à travers l'analyse de perspectives telles que les mutations sociétales, les changements idéologiques et les expériences personnelles des dramaturges, nous pouvons déduire que c'est le développement de l'esprit humaniste qui contribue principalement à une évolution semblable de la conception du destin dans la tragédie grecque et dans la tragédie chinoise.

The increasing number of dementia sufferers in China has transformed dementia care from a private issue to a public concern. Nationwide dementia-friendly campaigns have intensified debates about what constitutes "good" care. In response to these campaigns, the Shanghai government proposes a systematic care model, which stresses the need for dementia-care units and professionalization. Non-state actors, however, focus on the relational care model, which integrates western humanitarian ethics with Confucian values. This article employs cultural and structural frameworks to examine why and how a specific form of "good" care is constructed in China. The debates about the establishment of dementia-care units and the professionalization of eldercare enable us to understand how politics shape certain forms of care.