Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical Perspective -- Chapter 2: The Rise and Fall of Political Orders -- Chapter 3: Deep Pluralism as the Emerging Structure of Global Society -- Part II: The Great Powers -- Chapter 4: China, the United States, and the Future Global Order: One World, Two Contending Pluralist Visions -- Chapter 5: World Power Structure over the Short and Long Run -- Chapter 6: Pluralism and the US-China Development Partnership -- Chapter 7: India's Frustrated Search for a Multipolar Order -- Part III: Multilateralism and Regionalism -- Chapter 8: The United Nations and New Multilateralism -- Chapter 9: East Asian Multilateralism: A Glass Half Full -- Chapter 10: ASEAN's Strategic Response to the United States-China Competition -- Chapter 11: Regionalism and the Future of Latin America and the Caribbean -- Part IV: Future Prospects -- Chapter 12: Contours of a Future World Order.

This volume explores the implications of pluralism for international order. Distinguished contributors from around the world offer insights into the character of a pluralistic world order. They focus especially on the manifestations of international pluralism in great power relations, multilateralism, and regionalism. Contributors examine the myriad challenges a pluralistic world order will face in the years ahead, yet they eschew alarmist conclusions. There is still scope for the great powers to better manage their relations, and equally important, much space for multilateralism and regionalism to play their increasingly important roles in stabilizing world order. Distinctive in bringing the themes of pluralism and world order together in both theoretical exposition and policy discussion, this book offers a stimulating reading for scholars and practitioners of world politics. Feng Zhang is Professor of International Relations and Executive Dean of the Institute of Public Policy at the South China University of Technology in Guangzhou, and editor of the series in which this book appears. He studies Sino-American relations, Chinese foreign policy in East Asia, international relations in East Asian history, and international relations theory. He is the author of Chinese Hegemony: Grand Strategy and International Institutions in East Asian History (Stanford, 2015) and, with Professor Richard Ned Lebow, of Taming Sino-American Rivalry (Oxford, 2020) and Justice and International Order: East and West (Oxford, 2022).

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Notes on Transliterations -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- one. Introduction -- two. A Relational Theory of Grand Strategy -- three. Sino-Korean Relations -- four. Sino-Japanese Relations -- five. Sino-Mongol Relations -- six. Fundamental Institutions of Chinese Hegemony -- seven. The Value of Relationalism -- appendix I. Major Periods in Ancient and Imperial China -- appendix II. Translation of Key Chinese Terms and Expressions -- Notes -- References -- Index

China's historical relationship with Afghanistan is marked by three periods: estrangement during the Cold War (1955–1990), rising concern with Uighur terrorism emanating from Afghanistan (1991–2000), and evolving activism in Afghan affairs following the US invasion (2001–2020). Since the withdrawal of US forces in Afghanistan in August 2021, Beijing has formed a new, five-pronged engagement policy toward Afghanistan: pragmatically and cautiously accepting the Taliban's dominance in Afghan affairs, preventing the reemergence of Afghanistan as a safe haven for terrorists, facilitating an inclusive politics in the country, demonstrating a greater degree of humanitarian concern, and shaming the US and the West for forfeiting their responsibility. Shaping this new policy are four factors that have affected and will continue to affect Chinese policy in the future: security and stability in Xinjiang and China's western border region, Afghanistan's place in China's overarching international strategy, great power politics involving the United States, and the economic value of Afghanistan.

Does China have a strategy toward the South China Sea? I test three hypotheses about Chinese strategy—regional hegemony, gray-zone coercion, and bureaucratic politics—against seven major developments in Chinese policy between 2009 and 2016. None of these hypotheses offers an accurate or complete explanation of Chinese strategy. I argue that China has a dialectic and arduous strategy of balancing the goals of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability. But such a balance is inherently dynamic and frequently elusive. It was not until after 2016 that Beijing began to master the art of strategic balance and achieve an upper hand in the long struggle over the South China Sea.

Does China have a strategy toward the South China Sea? I test three hypoth- eses about Chinese strategy—regional hegemony, gray-zone coercion, and bureaucratic politics—against seven major developments in Chinese policy between 2009 and 2016. None of these hypotheses offers an accurate or complete explanation of Chinese strategy. I argue that China has a dialectic and arduous strategy of balancing the goals of safeguarding rights and main- taining stability. But such a balance is inherently dynamic and frequently elu- sive. It was not until after 2016 that Beijing began to master the art of strategic balance and achieve an upper hand in the long struggle over the South China Sea. (Pac Rev/GIGA)

PurposeWith considerable attention paid to the motives and process of idiosyncratic internationalization trajectory of multinationals from emerging economies (EMNCs), little is known on whether, and if so how, new competitive advantages of EMNCs are created and accumulated over time. MNC and EMNC literature agrees on the importance of external and internal knowledge linkages in technological competence creation. By building upon this framework, this paper aims to evaluate EMNCs' external and internal knowledge flow patterns by benchmarking their counterparts from mature industrialized countries (MMNCs).Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes US patents granted between 2000 and 2014 to leading innovation-oriented EMNCs from China and India, and their matched MMNCs. Being the first to use the US patent and citation data in studying leading innovation-oriented EMNCs, the authors use a descriptive statistical method.FindingsThe findings offer empirical insights of the scale, scope and quality of EMNC technological competence creation. Moreover, in contrast to existing EMNC literature, it is found that EMNC parents have been the most important center of EMNC technological knowledge generation. The matched group comparisons of external and internal knowledge flows further reveal detailed similarities and differences of competence creation between EMNCs and MMNCs, and among EMNCs.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the first attempts to investigate the post-internationalization technological competence creation of EMNCs by using a novel data source. This study sets the foundation to deepen the understanding of EMNC technological competence creation. The findings suggest interesting propositions and offer important implications for future researches.

China is pressing ahead with the negotiation on a code of conduct (COC) in the South China Sea with remarkable resolve. The new COC-centred diplomacy was motivated to suppress the impact of the Philippines versus China arbitral ruling, de-escalate regional tension and promote cooperation, especially the Belt and Road Initiative. It also serves as a broad strategic goal, i.e. preserving stability by banishing the ruling and creating a new diplomatic process with China exercising some control.