Suchergebnisse

In the West, the Chinese media system used to be criticised for its lack of press freedom un-der the authoritarian one-party system. However, profound changes happened in Chinese media in the past two decades after the market mechanism became the dominant means of reform after 1989. In the television sector, for example, Chinese television gradually lost its public remit in educational and cultural programmes during the process of self-commercialisation. To remedy these market failures, the author tries to integrate the dual broadcasting system (coexistence of the public service and the commercial broadcasting) into the current discussions about the future of Chinese television. Extensive topics on the dual broadcasting system are included in the research, such as the historical development of the dual broadcasting system, a comparison of the British and German models, the success and failure of system imitation in individual countries, etc. Reihe Schriften zur Medienwirtschaft und zum Medienmanagement - Band 33.

This paper develops a new forecasting framework for GDP growth in Korea to complement and further enhance existing forecasting approaches. First, a range of forecast models, including indicator- and pure time-series models, are evaluated for their forecasting performance. Based on the evaluation results, a new forecasting framework is developed for GDP projections. The framework also generates a data-driven reference band for the projections, and is therefore convenient to update. The framework is applied to the current World Economic Outlook (WEO) forecast period and the Great Recession to c

Film noir is new to the cinema of the People's Republic of China. It was not easy for noir's dark themes and nihilistic tone to get past the state's strict censorship; however, at the turn of the twenty-first century, a few noir films were produced. Chinese noir has a strong affinity with American film noir in its representation of social and spatial transformation and exploration of critical issues under strict censorship. This essay presents a close analysis of So Close to Paradise (Wang Xiaoshuai, 1999) and The Missing Gun (Lu Chuan, 2002) and argues that Chinese noir is a creative and localized adaptation of a Hollywood genre. Innovative in their application of noir form and style, these films criticize corruption and class conflict in contemporary China and reflect ordinary people's feelings of alienation and frustration provoked by the transformation of urban space. This essay also studies the strategies the two films employ, such as ambiguity and genre hybridity, to get past official censors while still maintaining their critical depth and subversive messages.

This study aims to describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of human infections with H7N9 virus in China using data from 19 February 2013 to 30 September 2017 extracted from Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health (CHP) and electronic databases managed by China&rsquo ; s Center for Disease Control (CDC) and provincial CDCs synthetically using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software ArcMap&trade ; 10.2 and SaTScan. Based on the multiple analyses of the A(H7N9) epidemics, there was a strong seasonal pattern in A(H7N9) virus infection, with high activity in the first quarter of the year, especially in January, February, and April, and a gradual dying out in the third quarter. Spatial distribution analysis indicated that Eastern China contained the most severely affected areas, such as Zhejiang Province, and the distribution shifted from coastline areas to more inland areas over time. In addition, the cases exhibited local spatial aggregation, with high-risk areas most found in the southeast coastal regions of China. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong were the high-risk epidemic areas, which should arouse the attention of local governments. A strong cluster from 9 April 2017 to 24 June 2017 was also identified in Northern China, and there were many secondary clusters in Eastern and Southern China, especially in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Guangdong Provinces. Our results suggested that the spatial-temporal clustering of H7N9 in China is fundamentally different, and is expected to contribute to accumulating knowledge on the changing temporal patterns and spatial dissemination during the fifth epidemic and provide data to enable adequate preparation against the next epidemic.

Using two recently constructed measures of trade liberalization dates, this research studies the impact of trade liberalization on imports, exports, and overall trade balance for a large sample of developing countries. We find strong and consistent evidence that trade liberalization leads to higher imports and exports. However, in contrast Santos-Paulino and Thirwall (2004) who find a robustly negative impact of trade liberalization on the overall trade balance, we only find mixed evidence of such a negative impact. In particular, we find little evidence of a statistically signific

AbstractDuring epidemics, the population is asked to socially distance, with pairs of individuals keeping two meters apart. We model this as a new optimization problem by considering a team of agents placed on the nodes of a network. Their common aim is to achieve pairwise graph distances of at least D, a state we call socially distanced. (If $$D=1,$$

D
=
1
,

they want to be at distinct nodes; if $$D=2$$

D
=
2

they want to be non-adjacent.) We allow only a simple type of motion called a lazy random walk: with probability p (called the laziness parameter), they remain at their current node next period; with complementary probability $$1-p$$

1
-
p

, they move to a random adjacent node. The team seeks the common value of p which achieves social distance in the least expected time, which is the absorption time of a Markov chain. We observe that the same Markov chain, with different goals (absorbing states), models the gathering, or multi-rendezvous problem (all agents at the same node). Allowing distinct laziness for two types of agents (searchers and hider) extends the existing literature on predator–prey search games to multiple searchers. We consider only special networks: line, cycle and grid.

This paper studies belief formation for two kinds of religion. The main conclusion is that they follow different mechanisms. Specifically, for religions relying on supernatural powers, people formulate beliefs based on their prior beliefs and experiences, and they may claim their beliefs for some realistic considerations. For religions based on self-sufficiency, mainly Buddhism, beliefs are formed by an awareness of suffering and dependent arising.