Suchergebnisse

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia's lagging behind. Factors of Russia's low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

The article discusses the initial history of the emergence and development of preliminary investigation bodies in the territory of Kostroma Province in the pre-revolutionary period of time. The published work reveals the process of the gradual
emergence, development and establishment of the institution of a judicial investigator in the course of the judicial reform of Alexander II. When collecting material, the author used inaccessible literary sources on the history of the investigating authorities in Kostroma Province. In the study of sources and source materials, the author used both the universal – the dialectical-materialistic – method of cognition, and the general scientifi c methods of cognition: deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, logic. The main fi ndings of the study include: the Russian pre-trial investigation in the territory of modern Kostroma Region has deep traditions rooted in pre-revolutionary Russia. The emergence of the institution of judicial investigators in Kostroma Region was carried out as part of the all-Russian modernisation of the judicial investigative system.