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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Chapter One: Unseen Threats and Unknown Costs -- Don't Count on Growing Out of It -- Ignorance Is Not Bliss -- How Much Does It Cost? -- Sunlight Is the Best Disinfectant -- Structure of the Report -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Two: Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise -- From Toilet to Tap: Water Quality and SDG 6.2 -- Nitrogen Pollution: Bread from Air or Toxic Plumes? -- Salt Pollution: A Pinch Too Much? -- Known Unknowns and a Shroud of Uncertainty -- Annex 2A: The Many Uncertainties of Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Three: Salt of the Earth -- Quantifying the Sensitivity of Agricultural Production to Salinity -- Implications for Food Security -- Toxic Water, Toxic Crops -- The Way Forward -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Four: Water Quality and Its Determinants -- Gasping for Air -- Global Assessment of the Drivers of Environmental Water Quality -- The Way Forward -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Five: Emerging Pollutants, Everlasting Concerns - Microplastics and Pharmaceuticals -- Profusion of Plastics -- Pharmafication of Water Supplies: A Prescription for Disaster -- Solutions Remain Elusive -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Six: Policies to Tame a Wicked Problem -- A Wicked Problem -- The Toolbox: Three Main Approaches -- Evidence of Policy Effectiveness -- The Prerequisites for Success -- The Way Forward -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1: Accounting for Streamflow -- Box 1.2: Estimating the Impact of Upstream Biological Oxygen Demand on Downstream Gross Domestic Product -- Box 1.3: Health Impacts of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water -- Box 2.1: Adverse Effects of Water Pollution: Irreversible Scars through Life -- Box 2.2: Nitrogen in Waters Runs Deep -- Box 2.3: Data for India.