Suchergebnisse

BACKGROUND: Prevention of the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment is an increasing focus of public health polices and policy makers. The World Health Organization European Centre for Environment and Health wanted to know what were stakeholders' priorities for improving chemicals management and prevention. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 18 diverse stakeholders to answer this question. The interview questionnaire was developed using current WHO chemical meeting reports, the Evidence Implementation Model for Public Health Systems and categories of the theory of diffusion. Stakeholder views were attained on three main questions within the questionnaire. (i) What priority actions should be undertaken to minimize the negative impact of chemicals? (ii) Who needs to be more involved and what roles should they have? (iii) How can science and knowledge on chemicals and health be translated into policies more effectively and what are the greatest barriers to overcome? RESULTS: Cross cutting issues, such as legislation strengthening and enforcement, further collection of information, capacity building, education and awareness raising were considered priorities. The responders had the same vision on roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders. The greatest barrier to adoption, implementation and enforcement of evidence-based policies reported was leadership and political commitment to chemical safety. CONCLUSIONS: Priorities raised differed depending on knowledge, professional background and type of stakeholder. Factors influencing priority identification at the national level include international and global context, availability of information, knowledge of the current situation and evidence-based good practice, and risks and priorities identified through national assessments.

Вопрос обеспечения химической безопасности населения и, особенно, наиболее уязвимых групп остается актуальным в связи со значительным вкладом, который вносит влияние опасных химических веществ в формирование заболеваемости, ростом производства и оборота химической продукции, быстрым развитием и внедрением новых технологий. Международным сообществом принят ряд обязательных и добровольных инициатив в области химической безопасности. Стратегическим документом для Европейского региона ВОЗ, определяющим приоритеты в этой области, является Пармская декларация. Реализация широкого спектра договоренностей, изложенных в Декларации, требует наличия достаточного потенциала сектора здравоохранения и других заинтересованных сторон, сфера деятельности которых адресована аспектам охраны здоровья от воздействия опасных химических веществ. Проведенная Европейским центром ВОЗ по окружающей среде и охране здоровья (ЕЦОЗ) на основе анкетирования оценка существующего потенциала в этой области позволила выявить существенные пробелы в законодательном регулировании, стратегиях и планировании, обеспеченности кадровыми и техническими ресурсами, сборе и обмене информацией, обучении и подготовке. С участием национальных экспертов ЕЦОЗ разработал комплекс рекомендуемых мер, направленных на создание и укрепление потенциала. Разработка и реализация эффективных национальных стратегий/планов/ действий с учетом региональных приоритетов и рекомендуемых мер позволит повысить уровень химической безопасности населения региона в целом. ; The issue of providing chemical safety for the population, and especially for the most vulnerable groups remains to be actual in relation to the significant contribution of the impact of hazardous chemicals in the forming of morbidity rate, industrial growth and return of chemical products, rapid development and introduction of new technologies. The international community has adopted a series of mandatory and voluntary initiatives in the field of chemical safety. Strategic document for the WHO European Region, determining priorities in this area, is the Parma Declaration. Implementation of a wide range of arrangements set out in the Declaration requires sufficient capacity of the health sector and other concerned parties, the scope of which is addressed to aspects of healthcare from exposure to hazardous chemicals. Performed by the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health (ECEH) the assessment of existing in this area capacity based on the survey permitted to identify significant gaps in the legislative regulation, policies and planning, human and technical resources, the collection and exchange of information, education and training. With the participation of national experts ECEH developed a set of recommended measures aimed to the creation and strengthening the potential. Development and implementation of effective national strategies/plans/actions with regard to regional priorities and recommended actions will allow to increase the level of chemical safety for the population of the region as a whole.