Suchergebnisse

Al-Qur`an dan Hadits sering menyinggung persoalanpersamaan dan perbedaan ritual antara Islam dengan Kristendan Yahudi yang sama-sama sebagai agama sah Ibrahim.Salah satu persamaan ritual tersebut adalah kewajibanmengeluarkan zakat. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis mengkajipersoalan zakat dalam syarî'ah terdahulu denganmenggunakan metode tafsir tematik. Dalam kaitan ini, al-Qur`an menampilkan kata zakah dalam tiga gaya bahasa(uslûb). Pertama, menggunakan uslûb insyâ'iy, yaitu berupaperintah, dengan menggunakan kata âtû, anfiqû, dan khuzh.Kedua, menggunakan uslûb targhîb (motivatif). Ketiga,menggunakan uslûb tarhîb (intimidasi). Keempat,menggunakan uslûb madh (pujian). Karena fokus penelitian inihanya menyangkut ayat-ayat pokok tentang zakat terdahulu,maka hanya kata-kata dalam ayat pokok itu yang dianalisisberdasarkan tiga gaya bahasa (uslûb) ini. Dalam surat Maryamayat 31, al-Qur`an menggunakan kata awshâ, dalam suratMaryam ayat 55, al-Qur`an menggunakan kata ya'muru,dalam surat al-Anbiyâ' ayat 73, al-Qur`an menggunakangabungan kata awhâ dan îtâ', dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 83,al-Qur`an menggunakan kata âtû, dalam surat al-Mâ'idahayat 12, al-Qur`an menggunakan gabungan kata umirû danâtaytum. Dalam keenam ayat di atas, al-Qur`an sama-samamenggunakan gaya bahasa perintah (uslûb insyâ'î). Ini bisadibuktikan dengan konsekuensi serius bagi pengingkar zakat.

The problem of Hadits is more complex than al-Qur'ân in the perspective of Islamic theological sect. Al-Qur'ân had been codified in the early Islamic era which is in the period of Abu Bakar as Siddîq, initiated by Umar Bin Khat}t}âb under the command of Zayd Bin Thâbit. Meanwhile, the writing text and hadith codification in Khawârij, Shî'ah and Sunni tradition is still leaving the contradicted theological-political claims. This claim constitutes a common phenomenon that often happened and found in comparative study of religious sect. it is because every religious sect wants to legalize their religious ritual validity by finding a base of religious primer resources which is al-Qur'ân as the first Islamic holy text and hadith as the second one. This article highlights the politics and ideology in the early hadith codification period. It attempts to see the conflict interest of the Sunnite, Shî'ites, and Khârijities groups in which they were composing prophet traditions based on their doctrine and ideological biases. Based on their authoritative hadith books, hadith sciences, and historical literatures with regard to the historical-comparative methodology, this article suggests that they have different traditions of hadith codification which are influenced by ideological and political rivalry among them; and they also produce different hadith, authoritative hadith books, and religious traditions.