Suchergebnisse

Automatic natural language processing that goes beyond the bag-of-words model requires an understanding of semantic and syntactic relationships between language components. This work attempts to address the following issues: 1) describe a set of Russian prepositional structures as an interconnected system; 2) collect corpus-based statistics reflecting preposition meanings and their hierarchy; and 3) describe meanings of prepositions acting as grammatical connectors for content words. Preposition meanings are described using categories based on G. A. Zolotova's concept of syntaxeme.
The results obtained are based on word frequencies extracted from corpora of contemporary Russian texts. This work describes the key objectives, approaches, methods, novelty, and findings of the research. The key findings include grammar and ontology of the main Russian prepositions, research into secondary prepositions (prepositions derived from content words), preposition database with a network interface, and a set of automated procedures aiding in 'working out' the meaning of a preposition.

AbstractHumans constantly interact with their environment, with other humans, as well as natural and artificial non-human agents. Nevertheless, our somatosensory system limits the diversity of our ways of communicating. Such organisms as plants thus escape our notice, blending into the landscape. This phenomenon is called Plant blindness. This leads not only to indifference and lack of empathy towards plants among ordinary people but also to a deficit in funding plant conservation. We believe that it is important to develop connections and also rethink the relationship between humans and flora. This paper examines the Plant turn in the context of an art-science project titled Plantoverse. The scientific part of the project is based on a study of plant epidermis cells, which possess optical properties and function as a "lens". The data acquired via confocal microscopy was used to construct a mathematical model of these lenses which in turn formed the basis of the artistic work. It is a representation of the plant epidermis in a digital environment. The work allows us to look at ourselves through "plant optics'' and find new tools for interacting with the vegetal world. This interdisciplinary approach can help transfer knowledge about flora from the professional environment to lay society and form a new, more empathetic view toward plants.

We report on efficient laser operation of the first holmium monoclinic double tungstate waveguide laser fabricated by femtosecond direct laser writing. A depressed-index buried channel waveguide with a 60 μm diameter circular cladding was inscribed in 5 at.% Ho3+:KGd(WO4)2. It was characterized by confocal microscopy and μ-Raman and μ-luminescence spectroscopy, indicating well-preserved crystallinity of its core. Pumped by a thulium bulk laser, the holmium waveguide laser generated 212 mW at 2055 nm with a slope efficiency of 67.2%. The waveguide propagation losses were 0.94±0.2 dB/cm. ; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017SGR755); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) (747055); Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (SA046U16, UIC016); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) [FIS2017-87970-R, MAT2016-75716-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), TEC 2014-55948-R]; Generalitat de Catalunya (2016FI_B00844, 2017FI_B100158, 2018FI_B200123); ICREA academia (2010ICREA-02); Government of the Russian Federation (074-U01); European Community's Horizon 2020 Research (654148); Laserlab- EUROPE (MBI MBI002365).

We report on the first active surface Y-branch waveguide in the ~2 μm spectral range. Depressed-cladding rectangular-cross-section surface waveguides with a splitting ratio of 1 × 2 are fabricated by femtosecond direct laser writing in a thulium (Tm 3+ ) doped monoclinic double tungstate crystal. Confocal laser microscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy reveal well preserved crystallinity of the waveguide core. Under high-brightness laser pumping at 0.8 μm, a simultaneous continuous-wave laser operation in both arms is achieved resulting in a total output power of 0.46 W at ~1.84 μm with a slope efficiency of 40.6% and a laser threshold of 0.28 W. The laser output is linearly polarized and spatially multimode (TE12/TE22) with a power splitting ratio between arms of 52.1/47.9%). The waveguide propagation losses at 1.84 μm are ~1.6 dB/cm and the loss from the Y-junction is 0.1 dB. The fabricated waveguides represent a route towards advanced photonic micro-structures such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for bio-sensing at ~2 μm. ; This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government (Projects No. MAT2016-75716-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER,UE), TEC 2014- 55948-R, FIS2017-87970-R), in part by Junta de Castilla y León (Project No. SA287P18), in part by Generalitat de Catalunya (Project No. 2017SGR755), and in part by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Goszadanie no. 2019-1080). The work of E. Kifle was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant 2016FI_B00844, Grant 2017FI_B100158 and Grant 2018FI_B200123.