Manipulation of explicit reputation in innovation and knowledge exchange communities: The example of referencing in science
In: Research Policy, Band 46, Heft 5, S. 970-983
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In: Research Policy, Band 46, Heft 5, S. 970-983
In: Journal of institutional economics, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 197-230
ISSN: 1744-1382
Abstract:Cooperation is one of the basic elements of social life. It is essential for emergent social phenomena, such as the formation of families, groups, and societies. However, evolutionary forces counter cooperation. The trait of supporting others is dominated by selfish behavior. In the last few decades scientists, in particular biologists, achieved extraordinary progress regarding the question of how cooperation is possible despite of evolutionary forces. This produced an enormous amount of literature. This paper identifies and reviews the known solutions explaining cooperation under evolutionary forces. Using bibliometric methods in combination with extant review articles and traditional reviewing of original literature, it is possible to isolate 11 mechanisms of cooperation under the conditions of evolution. Developing a categorization of the mechanisms according to shared characteristics establishes a fundamental framework for institutional and mechanism design activities. Implications for future research paths are identified, in particular for the mechanism of indirect reciprocity.
In: Research policy: policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation, Band 50, Heft 9, S. 104313
ISSN: 1873-7625
In: IEEE transactions on engineering management: EM ; a publication of the IEEE Engineering Management Society, Band 67, Heft 3, S. 712-723
In: IEEE transactions on engineering management: EM ; a publication of the IEEE Engineering Management Society, Band 71, S. 4006-4021