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The unprecedented rate & speed of pop growth is a problem unique in history: its core is the drop in the death-rate, esp in underdeveloped countries, where the maintenance of pol'al stability may be threatened. The food problem is its worst aspect. There are 2 ways of attacking the problem: increased production & birth control. The US are considering both in reaching policy decisions. Kennedy is inclined against advocating birth control in other countries. Religious views come into it. The Communists are facing the same problem, though they still associate an expanding pop with a vigorous society. Yet abortions are no longer illegal. The Chinese pop problem obviously causes the Sovets concern; it has even caused the Chinese themselves to re-examine their views. A campaign for birth control got under way in 1955, though clearly Peking is uncomfortable about its affinity to neo-Malthusian logic. Elsewhere there is a growing awareness of the problem, cutting across lines of religion, pol,& class. IPSA.