Suchergebnisse

A new Constitution for the Republic of Poland.
Between 1989 and 1991, the Polish Constitution of 1952 underwent a radical revision. At the same time, even in its amended form, it could not serve as an entirely new, basic law. In the view of politicians and lawyers, the introduction of a totally remodelled constitution is indispensable, and must first of all take into account earlier texts and experiences. Moreover, in the author's opinion, the attitude of the contemporary legislator towards such experiences will reflect his choice of the tradition with which he wishes to renew his links.
Foreign models, while not being taken as systematic reference, can still bear out and reinforce this observation. Certain of their principles are fundamental, and represent the basic framewok of constitution-making : social justice, the rule of law, national sovereignty, are unshakeable values which are of vital significance in the making of laws. The draft text unquestionably reflects this thinking, but the difficulties in its being adopted are likely to act as a brake on the process of constitutional renewal.

Revisions in the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Romania.
This article presents the recent modifications in the Constitution of Romania. The changes mentioned essentially concern social and political organizations. For example, the role of the communist party is affirmed by the Constitution as well as that of the United Socialist Front. Modifications were also made in central and local power and in the administration. The position of the parliament remains relatively unchanged, but amendments have been adopted relevant to its composition, the length of tenure and the revocation of its representatives.
The State Council has undergone substantial remodeling. Its usual prerogatives are reduced while those exercised "in the place of" parliament are only slightly curtailed. Independent of these changes, the composition of the State Council has greatly evolved in the course of the years.
Under the constitutional revision of 1974 the structure of the Council of Ministers is modified although its prerogatives, despite certain amendments, are not restricted to any degree. Under the new system, the respective .presidents of the National Federation of Trade Unions, the National Association of Agricultural Cooperatives, the National League of Women and the First Secretary of the Young Communists Association are on equal footing with the ministers.
The most significant change in the state institutions is in the functions of the President of the Republic who becomes the unique chief of State. The importance of the role of the President of the Republic is underlined by the fact that the General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party has been invested with the fonctions of President. (In enumerating the powers of the President the Constitution qualifies them as "fundamental"; those of the National Assembly, the Council of State and the Council of Ministers also fall under this heading). It may be deduced that ordinary legislation can attribute additional powers to him as well.
The evolution in the attribution of power in Romania reflects determination in the conception of the system of State organisms, the role of leadership of the Communist Party and the relationship between the Party and the State.