Suchergebnisse

Abstract
It is difficult to achieve high-quality education without good teachers. Therefore, it is crucial to understand who decides to become a teacher. This study leverages a large-scale administrative dataset comprising detailed records of the educational trajectories of 10 cohorts of students at the University of Warsaw, the largest higher education institution in Poland, in order to investigate self-selection to the teaching profession and to learn whether it depends on the mode of teacher training and the student's primary field of studies. We find that the recruitment of students to the concurrent teacher training programme is characterised by adverse self-selection with respect to prior academic achievements. When it comes to consecutive programmes, pursued as an extension or specialisation within the major programme, the willingness of students to enroll in teacher training is related to their secondary school achievements, but also – and in a distinct way – to their early experience at the university. In the case of STEM and foreign language programmes, we observe adverse selection to teacher training with respect to either the student's pre-university academic outcomes or their achievements during the first year of university studies.

ResumenPese a la evidencia de que la educación universitaria mejora las perspectivas laborales, preocupan sus desiguales rendimientos. Sobre los datos administrativos de toda la población de graduados en universidades australianas en el periodo 2005‐2011, se estudian las trayectorias laborales de los individuos procedentes de entornos sociales desfavorecidos (por estatus socioeconómico, migración, discapacidad, origen étnico y zona de residencia) en comparación con los más favorecidos, a lo largo de diez años. La heterogeneidad de la evolución de los ingresos laborales y la percepción de prestaciones por desempleo entre los graduados de distintos grupos es notable. Esto tiene hondas implicaciones para las políticas de equidad social.

RésuméS'il est de plus en plus établi que les études supérieures améliorent les perspectives professionnelles, l'inégalité de leur rendement suscite des inquiétudes croissantes. Les auteurs utilisent un nouveau jeu de données administratives couplées couvrant l'ensemble des étudiants diplômés d'une université australienne entre 2005 et 2011 pour comparer, sur dix ans, la trajectoire professionnelle de publics défavorisés à l'aune de différents critères (position socio‐économique, origine ethnique, lieu de résidence, migration, incapacité) à celle de leurs homologues favorisés. Ils constatent une grande hétérogénéité des trajectoires en termes de revenu et de perception de prestations sociales. Ces résultats ont d'importantes implications pour les politiques visant à améliorer l'équité sociale sur le marché du travail.

Despite mounting evidence that university participation enhances labour market prospects, there are growing concerns about its unequal returns. This study uses novel large‐scale linked administrative data covering the full population of individuals graduating from Australian universities over the 2005–11 period to examine the labour market trajectories of graduates from multiple disadvantaged social backgrounds (based on socio‐economic, migration and disability status, ethnicity and location) in comparison with their more advantaged peers, over a ten‐year observation window. The findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in the income and unemployment benefit receipt trajectories of graduates from different groups. This has important implications for labour market policies aimed at improving social equity.

Child Maltreatment (CM) is a widespread public health problem, with adverse outcomes for children, families, and communities. Evidence-based parenting support delivered via a public health approach may be an effective means to prevent CM. The Every Family 2 population trial applied a public health approach to delivering evidence-based parenting support to prevent CM in disadvantaged communities. Using a quasi-experimental design, 64 matched low socioeconomic communities in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales received either the full multi-level Triple P system (TPS) of parenting support, or Care as Usual (CAU). Two population indicators of CM, the number of substantiated cases of CM, and the number of notifications of CM to protective services were compared using Welch's t-test to evaluate intervention effectiveness. After two years of intervention, medium to large effect sizes favoring TPS communities were found for substantiations (d = 0.57, p < .05) and notifications (d = 1.86, p < .001). These findings show the value of the TPS, deployed using a public health approach, in efforts to prevent CM in socially disadvantaged communities. A number of uncontrolled contextual factors are described that may have contributed to some of the differences detected between TPS and CAU communities.