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The kinship system is a very important part in the study of anthropology, especially in China, the kinship relationship plays an important part in people's social relationship, and becomes the core of Chinese interpersonal relationship. Therefore, it has a profound influence on social relationship and political system in China. So, to deepen the study of Chinese kinship system is crucial to the study and understanding of the development of China's society, politics and economy. Bai nationality is one that deeply affected by Han culture, to see into its kinship system is profitable to the understanding of association and inter-mingling between Han and other ethnic groups. This book is an on-the spot description about the village life of Bai nationality living in Yuxi, YunNan province. It mainly discusses the origin, distribution, family structure and family tree of Bai nationality and its development today. Key words: YunNan province,Bai nationality,widely- spread family name system,etiquette tradition,patriarchal system, appellation Résumé Le système parental fait partie importante de la recherche esthétique. Surtout en Chine, les relations parentales jouent un rôle très important dans les relations sociales humaines et sont devenues le noyau dans le contact humain. Cette position du noyau apporte des influences très grandes aux relations sociales chinoises et le sytème politique. Cependant, renforcer la recherche du système parental de la Chine est très important pour rechercher et connaître le développement social, économique et politique de la Chine. L'ethnie Bai est une ethnie très influencée par la culture de Han. Connaître son système parental est aussi favorable à connaître les contacts et les échanges entre Han et l'ethnie Bai. Cette thèse fait une bonne description surplace de la vie d'un village de l'ethnie Bai – un des groupes minoritaires de la région Yuxi de la province de Yunnan en Chine. Elle fait surtout une recherche sur son origine, sa répartition, ses organisations parentales, ses clans ainsi que son développement d'aujourd'hui. Mots-clés: Yunnan,l'ethnie Bai,le système d'un grand nom de famille,le système de mariage,les coutumes,le régime patriarcal,l'appelation 摘 要 親屬制度是人類學中研究的一個重點。尤其在中國,親屬關係在人們的社會關係中佔據了極為重要的地位,成為中國的人際交往的核心。由於親屬關係在中國人的社會交往中佔據的這種核心地位,從而對中國的社會關係以及政治制度都產生了極為深遠的影響。因此,加強對中國的親屬制度的研究,對於研究和理解中國的社會以及政治、經濟的發展都是極為重要的。白族是一個受到漢文化強烈影響的民族,瞭解它的親屬制度,對於理解漢族和各民族之間的交往與融合也是非常有益的。本書是對生活在中國雲南省玉溪地區的一個少數民族—白族--村落生活的實地描寫。主要探討了這一地區白族的來源、分佈、家族組織、宗族譜系以及在今天的發展。關鍵詞:雲南;白族;大姓制度;婚姻制度;禮俗;宗法制度;稱謂

The ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 poses unprecedented public health risks for governments and societies around the world, which have been exacerbated by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Pharmaceutical interventions with high antiviral efficacy are expected to delay and contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Molnupiravir, as an oral antiviral prodrug, is active against SARS-CoV-2 and is now (23 February 2022) one of the seven widely-used coronavirus treatments. To estimate its antiviral efficacy of Molnupiravir, we built a granular mathematical within-host model. We find that the antiviral efficacy of Molnupiravir to stop the growth of the virus is 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.64), which could inhibit 56% of the replication of infected cells per day. There has been good progress in developing high-efficacy antiviral drugs that rapidly reduce viral load and may also reduce the infectiousness of treated cases if administered as early as possible.

Colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic devices and received considerable attention recently. Their superior photoluminescence (PL) properties provide significant advantages for lighting and display applications. In this Highlight, we discuss recent developments in the design and chemical synthesis of colloidal perovskite NCs, including both organic-inorganic hybrid and all inorganic perovskite NCs. We review the excellent PL properties and current optoelectronic applications of these perovskite NCs. In addition, critical challenges that currently limit the applicability of perovskite NCs are discussed, and prospects for future directions are proposed. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish Research Council (FORMAS); European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; China Scholarship Council

In the 1990s, brothers Bai Xiaojun and Bai Shaohua began cultivating the spiritual practice of Falun Gong. Then the government made this illegal, and Xiaojun was persecuted to death for his beliefs, while Shaohua, whose story is told here, became subjected to years of illegal imprisonment and torture by the Chinese Communist Party

AbstractBecause of the shortage of water source in the extreme arid area, generally, there are several years of no irrigation on mature shelterbelts. In this study, the shelterbelt soil in different texture were compared based on distribution analysis of the soil moisture and salt levels of shelterbelts under large‐scale drip irrigation in Kalamiji Oasis in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Northwest China. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) In Kalamiji Oasis, the groundwater level declined at a rate of 0.5 m/a as a result of popularization of drip irrigation technology. (2) There was a larger heterogeneity in distribution for soil moisture in the sandy/loamy shelterbelt than in the clay shelterbelt. (3) Under non‐irrigation conditions, sandy/loamy shelterbelt has lower soil moisture and salinity, and clay shelterbelt has higher soil moisture and salinity. (4) The shelterbelt with the shallowest groundwater depth had highest soil moisture level, and the shelterbelt with the deepest groundwater level had the lowest soil moisture content. (5) In sandy and loamy shelterbelts, the shelterbelts with the shallowest groundwater depths had the lower salinity levels and the shelterbelts with the deepest groundwater depths had the highest salinity levels. (6) In clay shelterbelts, the shelterbelts with the shallowest groundwater depths had the highest salinity levels, and the shelterbelts with the deepest groundwater depths had the lowest salinity levels. Additionally, it is essential to implement irrigation at least once a year.

AbstractSoil salinity level in shelterbelts under different emitter distance and different planting years was compared using 3 years of monitoring data from a typical oasis located in an extremely arid area in northwest China. The variation trend of salinity level during the whole growing season and in nonirrigation season was analysed. The results indicate that: (1) under narrow emitter distance (1.5 m), the soil layer with the highest salinity level was located deepest (50–85 cm). Under wide emitter distance (3 m), the soil layer with the highest salinity level was located shallower (45–80 cm); (2) drip irrigation effectively decreased the soil salinity level. With the increased in irrigating years, the salt‐leaching effect was better. Most of the soil salts were brought downward to the soil layer below 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm, respectively, in shelterbelts that have been irrigating for 1 year, 2 years and 3 years; (3) soil salinity level presented an increasing trend during the growing season. The largest change of soil salinity level fore‐and‐aft the irrigation was found in 20‐cm depth, followed by the 40‐cm depth and then the 60‐cm depth; (4) in nonirrigation season, salt was accumulating at the surface in shelterbelts. Among all the shelterbelts with different forest age, the salinity level on the surface was the highest in the 2‐year‐old shelterbelt.