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Abstract
In the wake of Japan's occupation of Beiping (now Beijing) in 1937, the historian Chen Yuan's choice between staying in or leaving the city (which would imply accommodation or resistance) was regarded not merely as a personal decision but also as a symbolic stance for the ethical principles of the Chinese intelligentsia. Based on a close reading of Chen's historical writings during the Japanese occupation, this paper focuses on the inner world of this historian, and argues that a salient rhetorical feature of Chen's wartime work was its role as a mechanism which he referred to as 'illuminating the subtle'. This involved historical facts being cited and interpreted in a way that demonstrated the historian's attitude and feelings towards contemporary events. It is proposed that the 'illumination of the subtle' is not accepted at face value as academic research, but rather that it is treated as a rhetorical device, in order to understand the inner logic and dynamism of this expressive mechanism.

In the wake of Japan's occupation of Beiping (now Beijing) in 1937, the historian Chen Yuan's choice between staying in or leaving the city (which would imply accommodation or resistance) was regarded not merely as a personal decision but also as a symbolic stance for the ethical principles of the Chinese intelligentsia. Based on a close reading of Chen's historical writings during the Japanese occupation, this paper focuses on the inner world of this historian, and argues that a salient rhetorical feature of Chen's wartime work was its role as a mechanism which he referred to as 'illuminating the subtle'. This involved historical facts being cited and interpreted in a way that demonstrated the historian's attitude and feelings towards contemporary events. It is proposed that the 'illumination of the subtle' is not accepted at face value as academic research, but rather that it is treated as a rhetorical device, in order to understand the inner logic and dynamism of this expressive mechanism.

The experimental facility VULCAN was setup to study the fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) phenomena in a postulated severe accident of light water reactors. The heating system is important for the facility to prepare molten material in a crucible. This article is concerned with the design of the heating system, which applies electromagnetic induction heating method. The COMSOL code was employed to simulate the induction heating characteristics of a graphite crucible under different current and frequency of the work coil (inductor). Given a frequency, the relationship between the crucible's average temperature and the inductor's current is obtained, which is instrumental to select the power supply of the induction heating system. Meanwhile, the skin effect of induction heating is analyzed to guide the choice of frequency and inductor of the heating system. According to the simulation results, the induction heating system of frequency 47 kHz is suitable for the experiment, with a good agreement in temperature between the measured and the predicted.

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method as a Lagrangian method is attracting increasing attention in severe accident analysis. In this paper, we developed an MPS code for the corium behavior analysis with several additional models added: an improved heat transfer model to improve the calculation between different materials, an enthalpy-based viscosity model to realize a smooth transition of viscosity at the solid-liquid interface, and a surface tension model for better simulation of surface shape. Validation of the developed simulation approach is carried out on a classical water column collapse example. The development of the heat transfer model is validated by the example of a one-dimensional semi-infinite plate. A comprehensive example of the melting of "Wood's alloy" is carried out to verify the capacity of MPS method in the simulation of melting and expansion. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that MPS method promises well in the field of severe accidents.