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AbstractMarketers and policymakers use advertising visuals to motivate prosocial behavior, whereby visual attractiveness influences people's empathy and thus their prosocial decisions. In the charity context, various donor‐related factors, including external circumstances and environments in which donors find themselves, can determine the impact of visual attractiveness. In two studies, this research investigates how and why donors responded to attractive/unattractive charitable images during the universal hardship of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In the first study, field data from a charity platform reveal how visual aesthetics affected donations before and during the pandemic. In the second study, a laboratory experiment examines empathy as a mediator of the relationship between visual attractiveness and charitable purchase intentions before and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, unattractive visuals generated significantly greater empathy than attractive visuals, and empathy drove donations and purchase intentions for charitable goods. That is, the "ugliness premium" dominated the "beauty premium" during the pandemic. Our findings that natural disasters or crises moderate observers' preferences for visual attractiveness or unattractiveness offer meaningful insights for applying visual aesthetics to charity advertising designs.

The streets in the traditional residential areas of severe cold cities in China often have openings leading to enclosed courtyards. These openings connect the street to the courtyard space, which affects the physical environment of the residential streets. This paper uses field measurements and numerical simulation to study the wind–sound environment in the street, comparing and analysing the effects of the existence, size and form of openings on the wind–sound environment in the street. The results indicate that both the average wind velocity and sound pressure level have some degree of reduction around the opening, with the difference of wind velocity reaching 1.0 m/s and the difference in sound pressure level reaching 0.5–1.6 dB. Additionally, the T30 changes from 0.2 s to 0.4 s around the opening, while the average T30 in the street also varies. Increasing the width of the opening by 1 m increases the influential range of the opening on the sound environment by 0.5–4 m. In contrast, the width of the opening has little effect on the sound pressure level and the T30. Compared with an entrance of the same width, a gap intensifies the fluctuation of the local wind velocity and causes the average T30 to reduce by 0.3 s. The results of this paper lay a data foundation for further studies on the optimized design of the physical environment in enclosed residential areas.