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The question of who should utilize the war power has been debated from the founding of the republic and the core issues while couched in different terms, and while war has become much more technologically advanced, remain the same. The fundamental question is one of what the President can do, and what Congress should do. I attempt to primarily address the question of what Congress should do with regard to the war powers rather than what the President can do because the scope of presidential war powers has been extensively researched and written about in the scholarly literature. Instead I address what from an institutional structure and policy perspective Congress ought to do with relation to the war powers and their execution.

1. The state of petitioners / Shauna Reilly and Ryan M. Yonk -- 2. Success from amateur to zealot : a typology of initiative activists / Mathew Manweller -- 3. Governors at the bully ballot box / Thomas Lubbock -- 4. Petitioners and policy makers : state legislator perceptions of petitioners and direct democracy / Richard N. Engstrom and Jeff R. DeWitt -- 5. Petitioners as a reflection of their community / Shauna Reilly and Whitney McIntyre Miller -- 6. Petitioners and quality of life in their community / Shauna Reilly and Ryan M. Yonk -- 7. Education and amateurs : changes to education finance by petitioners / Damon Cann and Teena Wilhelm -- 8. Petitioners in health care policy : complex policy and simple decision mechanisms / Roberta Q. Herzberg -- 9. The realm of the zealot : tax policy / Ryan M. Yonk, Terri Bechdel, and Kayla Dawn Harris -- 10. Green energy democracy : a venue for zealots and professionals / Randy Simmons, Kristen Dawson, and Kayla Dawn Harris -- 11. Conclusion and policy potential / Shauna Reilly and Ryan M. Yonk.

The increased use of direct democracy measures across the United States has brought attention to the individual petitioner however their motivations and goals continue to be an enigma. Drawing on behavioral, historical and legal analysis to provide a more concrete depiction of these individuals, expert contributors examine the true personalities, motivations and expectations, successes and failures of petitioners in the direct democracy process and how they culminate in policy formation across the United States. Six typologies; the zealot, the victim, the amateur, the lawyer, t.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Quality of Life Studies -- Our Dulling and Rusting Tools -- The Roots and Purpose of this Project -- Our Goals -- Chapter 2: Understanding Quality of Life -- Scholarly Work on Quality of Life -- Public Safety -- Health -- Infrastructure -- Education -- Economic Environment -- Other Indicators -- Why We Use Objective Measures of Well-Being -- Chapter 3: Exploring the Components of Our Quality of Life Index -- Education -- Public Safety -- Infrastructure -- Health -- Economic Development -- Our Indicators and Index -- Chapter 4: Constructing a Measure of Well-Being -- Why Use an Index? -- The Data -- Building the Index: The Rules -- The Indicators -- Education -- Public Safety -- Health -- Economic Development -- Infrastructure -- Final Quality of Life Score -- Interpreting the Quality of Life Scores -- Statistically Validating our Index -- Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis -- Survey Validation: Subjective Quality of Life and Our Index -- Survey Results -- Chapter 5: Quality of Life in Theory and Practice -- Quality of Life as a Resource -- Maximizing Utility Model-Rationalism -- Psych Model -- Chapter 6: Quality of Life and Trust -- Trust Literature Review -- Theory -- Hypotheses -- Methods and Data -- National Election Survey Data -- Tests and Results -- Understanding Quality of Life and Trust -- Chapter 7: Quality of Life and Direct Democracy -- Direct Democracy -- Theory and Hypotheses -- Methods and Data -- Tests and Results -- Chapter 8: Local Tax Ballot Measures and Quality of Life -- Theory: How Do People Choose Their Vote? -- Quality of Life as a Heuristic -- Direct Democracy and Quality of Life in Washington -- Tests, Data, and Results -- Implications -- Chapter 9: Federal Spending and Quality of Life

In this paper, we explore the underdevelopment of the business sector on the Navajo reservation. We explore why the Navajo reservation continues to be economically depressed and find that formal and informal institutions unique to the reservation create barriers that disincentivize entrepreneurship. Our examination begins by first conducting a literature review on general barriers to entrepreneurship. Second, we conduct an institutional analysis of the Navajo reservation to understand how formal and informal institutions affect potential entrepreneurs. We then use a comparative case study to analyze how the Navajo reservation's institutions affect one town on the reservation compared to a similar town outside the reservation's borders. We conclude there are three main barriers that discourage entrepreneurship. First, a dual bureaucracy and a complicated business license application process disincentivize new business development in the formal economy. Second, the federally held reservation land trust limits how entrepreneurs can access and develop land. Third, the Navajo reservation lacks access to lending opportunities, restricting the capital necessary to start a business. These barriers combine to create a vicious cycle of underdevelopment and poverty.

Based on prior research on political business cycles, we investigate the manipulation of state budgets in battleground states. The state-based winner-take-all Electoral College system in the United States makes certain states extremely politicized during presidential elections. We hypothesize that budgets will target specific groups of swing voters in these battleground states. We test the impact of competitive state status in presidential elections on state budgets from 1982 to 2005 by creating a cross-sectional time-series regression model of state budget priorities from Jacoby and Schneider. While controlling for known determinants of budgets, we find strong support for our hypothesis.

This paper examines effects that alternative voting systems can have on electoral outcomes in multicandidate elections. Using ballots collected from a county Republican Party special election, we recount the votes using preference-based voting systems and compare the results to the special election outcome. Relative rankings of candidates change across vote counting rules and voting systems. Because candidates trade places depending on rules, there are strong strategic implications for candidates and for those establishing the rules. Adapted from the source document.