Suchergebnisse

From 1978 through the turn of the century China was transformed from a state-owned economy into a predominantly private economy. This fundamental change took place under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which is ideologically mandated and politically predisposed to suppress private ownership. 'Dancing with the Devil' explains how and why such an ironic and puzzling reality came about.

Between Politics and Markets examines how the decline of central planning in post-Mao China was related to the rise of two markets - an economic market for the exchange of products and factors, and a political market for the diversion to private interests of state assets and authorities. Lin reveals their concurrent development through an account of how industrial firms competed their way out of the plan through exchange relations with one another and with state agents. He argues that the two markets were mutually accommodating, that the political market grew also from a decay of the state's self-monitoring capacity, and that economic actors' competition for special favors from state agents constituted a major driving force of economic institutional change

Abstract. The data of debris-flow events between 2004 and 2021 in
the Shenmu area Taiwan are presented and discussed in this paper. A total of
20 debris-flow events were observed in 18 years. Debris flows in
the Shenmu area usually occurred in the Aiyuzi Stream during the rainy
season, May to September, and about once per year between 2009 and 2017. The rainfall thresholds from the observed data are proposed to be Imax⁡ (maximum hourly rainfall),
R24 (24 h accumulated rainfall), and Rt (effective accumulated rainfall) of 9, 23, and 67.8 mm, respectively. The rainfall data also imply that the trend curves of intensity–duration (I–D) were different before and after 2009, which is due to the extreme rainfall event of Typhoon Morakot in 2009. The I–D curve obtained from the post-2009 data is proposed as the baseline of the debris-flow I–D relationship in the study area. The extreme rainfall event also influenced the flow speed (average 14.3 m s−1 before 2010 and 4.46 m s−1 after 2010) and the occurrence frequency of debris flows (1.83 times per year before 2009 and 0.75 times after 2009). Recent findings have
indicated that the ground surface vibrational signals of debris flows are
potentially useful for debris-flow early warning in terms of accumulated
energy, and the characteristic frequency of debris flows in the study area
was below 40 Hz. The dataset and the rainfall thresholds in this study
permit comparison with other monitored catchments and are useful for
global debris-flow datasets.

Vorgelegt werden Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung, die auf Interviews, offiziellen Statistiken sowie anderen öffentlich zugänglichen Quellen aus den Jahren 1988 und 1989 basiert. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist der Einfluß der Reformen der achtziger Jahren auf das Verhalten chinesischer Unternehmen. Der Verfasser zeigt, daß während der Reformperiode die Korrelation zwischen Kostenbewußtsein und Budgetbegrenzungen schwächer wurde und daß die Kontrolle über die Belegschaft und die Vermehrung verfügbarer Ressourcen gegenüber anderen organisatorischen Zielen (Einkommenssteigerung) in den Vordergrund unternehmenspolitischer Entscheidungen trat. Als wesentlicher Einflußfaktor wird das Zusammenspiel von neuen, auf höhere Wirtschaftlichkeit orientierten Anreizen für Manager mit alten und neuen strukturellen Zwängen herausgearbeitet. (BIOst-Wpt)