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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Historical and Geographical Viewpoints for the Analysis of Rural Community Management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Characteristics of Japan´s Population -- 1.3 Geographical Characteristics of Agricultural Regions in Japan -- 1.4 History of Rural Governance in Japan -- 1.5 Definition of ``Less-Favored Area´´ -- 1.6 Contents of Each Chapter -- References -- Part I: Farmland Conservation and Rural Vitalization -- Chapter 2: Characteristics of Collective Conservation of Farmlands with Broad-Based Community Agreement Under Direct Payment P... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hypothesis in this Study -- 2.2.1 Hypothesis -- 2.2.2 Study area of this Study -- 2.3 Actual Conditions of Collective Conservation Through Broad-Based Community Agreements -- 2.3.1 Integrated Community Agreements Entered Since 2005: Case Studies -- 2.3.2 Comparisons with Other Agreements Including Some Communities Entered Into in 2000: Case Studies -- 2.3.3 Characteristics of the Community Agreements -- 2.4 Characteristics of Collective Conservation of Farmlands in Rural Communities -- 2.4.1 Analytical Framework -- 2.4.2 Collection of Data and Description -- 2.4.3 Effectiveness of Collective Conservation -- 2.4.4 Classification of Collective Conservation -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Resource Conservation and Community Vitalization Forms of Rural Communities in Hilly and Mountainous Areas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Background of Conservation of Rural Environment -- 3.2.2 Actual Situations of Farmland Conservation Under the Direct Payment Program for Rural Multifunctionality -- 3.2.3 Analytical View and Method for Investigation -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 1. Organizational Culture and Management Strategy in Small Rural Economies -- Chapter 2. Historical Analysis of the Impact of Postwar Agricultural Policy on Japanese Peasants -- Chapter 3. Role of Farmland Intermediary Management Institutions in Farmland Conservation and Utilization -- Chapter 4. Characteristics of Urban-Rural Exchange Activities in Paddy Field Agriculture: Issues and Challenges of Farmland Management in Rural Communities -- Chapter 5. Development of Community Businesses Centered on Land-Use Agriculture in Hilly and Mountainous Areas -- Chapter 6. Development of Community Businesses Centered on Business Cooperative Associations that Support Local Primary Industries -- Chapter 7. Role of Community Business in Farmland Conservation in Mountainous Village -- Chapter 8. Factors Affecting Urban Consumers' Choices for Locally Produced Tomato Juice: A Case of Tokyo and Osaka Prefectures in Japan -- Chapter 9. Factors That Influence Japanese Sake Purchasing Preferences -- Chapter 10. Factors Influencing Donation Management in Municipalities Under the Hometown Donation Policy -- Chapter 11. Historical Analysis of Food-related Activities in Extension Services for Home Living Improvement -- Chapter 12. Factors Affecting Residents' Satisfaction with Community Development Activities in Former Elementary School Districts -- Chapter 13. Characteristics of Resident Participation and Cooperative Awareness in the Early Activity Stage of a Newly Formed Community Development Association in an Elementary School District.