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This paper examined the necessity of Christian Religious Education in Nigerian secondary schools. Christian education is a foundational knowledge for Christian children and the spiritual and moral teachings in Christian education prepare children for good governance, sound society and political stability. From the history of Israel, Christian Education was a process in which religious knowledge; skills and set of values were passed down from one generation to another in the informal setting. This was how learning of religious norms and values were done in the family and between groups even before the introduction of formal education in schools in Israel. This was done to produce the foundation and the success of Christian community among the people of Israel depending on the size, number of people and factors among the Judeo-Christian era. Good governance and political stability do not emerge from the blues. It has to start from a solid foundation through the God-given agents of transformation here on earth. It happened in the times of Old and New Testament, so it is happening in our contemporary communities today. Christian education in Nigerian secondary schools provides the common-good focus on moral responsibility, peaceful co-existence and national development. This study further recommends that Christian education is the interactive construction of moral knowledge in the students' class room and social settings. The discourse finally positioned Christian Religious Education as God's ordained tool for the foundation for good governance and political stability as it also provides quality assurance. The paper opined that substandard work force is detrimental to national transformation, growth and development. Hence, there is the need to reform the curriculum and the teaching of Christian education with a view tomeeting the needs of young people living in an era of corruption, stealing, kidnapping religious crisis and globalization

The world has become interconnected and interdependent well beyond the economic domains of life and this has consequences for the role of major institutions governing access to resources in rural Africa. Neoliberal globalisation is eroding the moral foundation of rural societies in ways that create unequal access to the resources needed for involvement and inclusion in the market relations of production and social reproduction. Using the case of rural northern Ghana, this article shows how the transformation of local traditional governance and institutions led to processes of accumulation for a few privileged ones while the majority are excluded through dispossession.
[Mondialisation néolibérale et évolution d'institutions traditionnelles locales: impacts pour l'accès aux ressources dans le nord Ghana rural.] Le monde est devenu interconnecté et interdépendant, bien au-delà des questions économiques et cela a des conséquences pour le rôle d'institutions majeures qui gèrent l'accès aux ressources dans l'Afrique rurale. La mondialisation néolibérale érode les fondations morales des sociétés rurales à tel point qu'elle génère des inégalités dans l'accès aux ressources nécessaires pour l'inclusion au marché de la production et de la reproduction sociale. En travaillant sur le cas du nord Ghana rural, cet article montre comment la transformation des modes de gouvernance et institutions locales traditionnelles a conduit à des processus d'accumulation réservés à quelques rares privilégiés tandis que la majorité était spoliée et victime d'exclusion.

Mots-clés : mondialisation néolibérale ; tradition ; institutions locales ; Ghana rural

This article examines the livelihoods, portfolios and degree of deagrarianisation of the peasantry in three villages in northern Ghana. It argues that deagrarianisation should be seen as a process embedded in social change, bearing in mind the reversibility between farm and non-farm livelihood strategies used by households (reagrarianisation?). A livelihoods research approach involving qualitative household interviews and quantitative surveys in three villages in the Kassena-Nankani district constitute primary data for this study. Contrary to the deagrarianisation thesis, this study found that livelihood adaptation, implying both a diversification to new or secondary livelihood activities and changing the form, nature and content of the farm sector, characterised rural livelihoods in the area. The adaptation process involves not just a move from the farm to the non-farm sector, but also an intensification of efforts in the farm sector with seasonal diversification into other livelihood activities. The supposedly 'booming non-farm sector' is not entirely real, for reasons of marginalisation and exclusion of the poor peasantry, resulting from spatial, capital, infrastructural and market limitations.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Introduction to Book -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 What's on the 5th IPCC Report for West Africa? -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climate Zones in West Africa -- 2.3 Observed Climate Trends -- 2.4 Climate Trends in West Africa -- 2.4.1 Droughts in West Africa -- 2.5 Future Climate of West Africa -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Climate Change over West Africa: Recent Trends and Future Projections -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Recent Trends in Climate Change over West Africa -- 3.3 Projected Climate Change over West Africa -- 3.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 4 Seasonal Variability: Impacts, Adaptations and the Sustainability Challenge -- Abstract -- 4.1 Climate Change in West Africa -- 4.2 Case Study Context -- 4.3 Methods -- 4.4 Impacts -- 4.5 Responses -- 4.5.1 Adjusting Planting Time -- 4.5.1.1 Planting Early -- 4.5.1.2 Planting Later -- 4.5.1.3 Mixed Planting Strategies -- 4.5.2 Tractors -- 4.5.3 Short Cycle Seeds -- 4.5.4 Cultivation and Use of Trees -- 4.5.5 Compost -- 4.6 Non-adapters -- 4.7 Discussion -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- 5 An Assessment of Determinants of Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change/Variability in the Rural Savannah of Ghana -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Climate Change, Adaptation Strategies and Adaptive Capacity -- 5.3 Study Areas and Methods of Research -- 5.3.1 Logistic Regression Model -- 5.4 The Findings -- 5.4.1 Determinants of Adoption of Irrigation -- 5.4.2 Determinants of Agronomic Practices -- 5.4.3 Determinants of Fertilizer Application Strategy -- 5.4.4 Shift to Non-farm Activities -- 5.4.5 Seasonal Migration Strategy -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Climate Change, Local Knowledge and Climate Change Adaptation in Ghana -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction.

AbstractThe sedentary bias that characterizes discourses on migrations from and within the Global South has failed to inform a consistent exploration of international migration from and among global southern countries as normal, desirable and impactful to migrants and their social networks at different spatial levels. Migration‐development nexus analyses are predominantly framed around Global South‐Global North migration episodes whereby cash and social remittances from the North to the South are expected to trigger development in poorer global southern origin countries. This approach neglects the possibility of similar outcomes accruing from south‐south migrations. Drawing on qualitative research methods among Ghanaian migrants to China, our paper addresses the question how does south‐south migration affect livelihoods and wealth inequality? We argue that blunt global categorizations such as "Global South" and "Global North" only serve to obfuscate what is a rather heterogenous bunch of countries, with divergent opportunities for migrants. We recommend that greater focus should be on the contextual factors at the origin and destination, the quality of return preparedness and the human capital of the migrants rather than an arbitrary clustering around a binary Global South‐Global North trajectory as though they are internally homogenous. We conclude that there is heterogeneity in the effects of south‐south migration on household livelihoods and wealth inequalities.

Against the background of realities of underdevelopment and economic growth, environmental pressures and global governance challenges, this volume presents a broad picture of contemporary issues in African development. The multi-disciplinary collection presents a variety of important themes, covering land questions, housing, water, health, economic liberalization, climate, environment, and gender. The specific country studies illustrate the diversity of the African continent and demonstrate how unique contexts impact upon different levels of achievement. The volume seeks to present and promote novel analytical frameworks, new conceptual approaches, and empirical accounts of relevance to scholars studying Africa as well as practitioners in African development and policy makers.

Vulnerability to water insecurity in Ghana has often been characterised as a biophysical phenomenon that can be objectively solved using technical and rational approaches to manage water resources use and allocation – thus, making vulnerability to water security discourse politically neutral. Contesting this orthodoxy, this article shows the multiple mechanisms and structures that undergird vulnerability of households to water insecurity in semiarid Ghana. Vulnerability to water insecurity is often veiled in political and economic imbalances that constrain the choices of people in their daily water realities. We argue that a rigid fixation on the biophysical conceptualisation of water insecurity separates nature from society while simultaneously ignoring the lived insecurities resulting from the contours of power. Policy formulation based on this conceptualisation without addressing the access rights and differentiated vulnerabilities could be misleading while yielding minimal impact.