Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 0. Urban metabolism for the urban century -- Part A: Vision and Theory -- Chapter 1. City: A socio-ecological view of human communities -- Chapter 2. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of urban sustainability -- Chapter 3. Urban metabolism theory and analysis methods -- Chapter 4. Environmental accounting and urban metabolism -- Chapter 5. Ecosystem services accounting framework and urban metabolism -- Chapter 6. A physical view of urban metabolism dynamics -- Chapter 7. Urban metabolism and urban ecological culture -- Chapter 8. Circular economy and urban ecological management -- Part B: Tools and Approaches -- Chapter 9. Urban metabolic process analysis -- Chapter 10. Urban metabolic flux and structure analysis -- Chapter 11. Urban metabolic network structure analysis -- Chapter 12. Environmental impact analysis in urban metabolic system -- Chapter 13. Urban metabolic dynamic analysis -- Chapter 14. Urban metabolism health evaluation and spatial development pattern analysis -- Chapter 15. Urban agglomeration metabolism sustainability analysis -- Chapter 16. Thermodynamic geography of urban metabolic process -- Chapter 17. Urban food-energy-water nexus analysis to support urban circular economy strategy -- Part C: Case studies -- Chapter 18. Urban municipal solid waste metabolism and ma -- Chapter 19. Hospital solid waste metabolism and management -- Chapter 20. Metabolism efficiency analysis of urban transportation system -- Chapter 21. Metabolic efficiency analysis of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) -- Chapter 22. Urban wastewater metabolism and sewage sludge management -- Chapter 23. Sewage sludge reduction and reuse in clinker production process -- Chapter 24. Urban water metabolic systems analysis -- Part D: Urban Culture and Arts as A Parallel of Metabolism Thinking -- Chapter 25. Mapping the world through system modelling and creative languages -- Chapter 26. Culture, innovation and aesthetics -- Chapter 27. Artistic approach to urban narratives -- References -- Appendix -- Afterword

Quantifying the landscape pattern and its dynamics is essential for the monitoring and assessment of the ecological consequences of urbanization. As one of the Special Economic Zones, Haikou is one of the fastest growing regions among all Chinese cities, owing to rapid real estate development. Using a GIS-based land-use dataset from 1986, 1996, and 2000, in combination with a lacunarity index, we attempt to quantify the spatial pattern in the Haikou metropolitan area. After the landscape structure changes over the periods 1986–96 and 1996–2000 are analyzed, a Markov conversion matrix is applied in order to study the sources and destinations of landscape dynamic changes. The lacunarity index is calculated in order to measure the landscape dynamics, with respect to several major land-use types, at a range of spatial scales. The findings indicate that the leapfrog development of real estate and the rapid economic growth of Haikou City have had a great impact on the dynamic landscape patterns. From 1986 to 1996 urban land expanded dramatically and clustered, while cropland was encroached upon and fragmented. From 1996 to 2000, after the government had implemented the strict cropland protection measures, urban expansion and cropland misuse were controlled to a large degree, and a lot of cropland was reclaimed in certain areas. We investigate the dynamic landscape pattern and process, and their implications in policy and economic development.

We study the effect of state control on capital allocation and investment in China, where the government screens prospective stock issuers. We find that state firms are more likely to obtain government approval to conduct seasoned equity offerings than non-state firms. Further, non-state firms exhibit greater sensitivities of subsequent investment and stock performance to regulatory decisions on stock issuances than state firms. Our work suggests that state control of capital access distorts resource allocation and impedes the growth of non-state firms. We also provide robust evidence that financial constraints cause underinvestment.