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International audience ; Coronavirus pandemic has changed our lives and is likely to have a lasting impact on our economic development, i.e., industry and services. Most organisationsmust change theirbusinesses andservices to comply with the strategies and rules published by the governments of different countries for providing agility, sustainability, and resilience in the current situation. Non-compliance can result in an organisationpaying a considerable sum ofmoney in fines and litigation. In Collaborative Networks 4.0 (CN4.0), the importance of compliance is even more evident as its issue becomes morecomplicated when it involves collaborative processesdue to its design principles for decentralized decision-making.The Collaborative Processes in CN 4.0 imply the collaborative business process and their relevancy in industry 4.0,i.e., the collaborative processes throughEnterprise Resource Planning(ERP)and Manufacturing Execution System (MES).In this paper,we adopt two motivating use cases, definesome of theregulatoryrequirements that govern the execution of each process,and thenevaluateeach process withthe currentcompliancecheckingapproaches. Based on this,we identify the challenges of compliancecheckingof collaborative processes, formalized as requirements needed to support the compliancecheckingof collaborative processes at design and running time, respectively.This paper further explores howthe FIWARE architecture supports theautomatedcompliance checking solution of collaborative processesin industry 4.0.

International audience ; Coronavirus pandemic has changed our lives and is likely to have a lasting impact on our economic development, i.e., industry and services. Most organisationsmust change theirbusinesses andservices to comply with the strategies and rules published by the governments of different countries for providing agility, sustainability, and resilience in the current situation. Non-compliance can result in an organisationpaying a considerable sum ofmoney in fines and litigation. In Collaborative Networks 4.0 (CN4.0), the importance of compliance is even more evident as its issue becomes morecomplicated when it involves collaborative processesdue to its design principles for decentralized decision-making.The Collaborative Processes in CN 4.0 imply the collaborative business process and their relevancy in industry 4.0,i.e., the collaborative processes throughEnterprise Resource Planning(ERP)and Manufacturing Execution System (MES).In this paper,we adopt two motivating use cases, definesome of theregulatoryrequirements that govern the execution of each process,and thenevaluateeach process withthe currentcompliancecheckingapproaches. Based on this,we identify the challenges of compliancecheckingof collaborative processes, formalized as requirements needed to support the compliancecheckingof collaborative processes at design and running time, respectively.This paper further explores howthe FIWARE architecture supports theautomatedcompliance checking solution of collaborative processesin industry 4.0.

Compliance constrains processes to adhere to rules, standards, laws and regulations. Non-compliance subjects enterprises to litigation and financial fines. Collaborative business processes cross organizational and regional borders implying that internal and cross regional regulations must be complied with. To protect customs' data, European enterprises must comply with the EU data privacy regulation (general data protection regulation - GDPR) and each member state's data protection laws. An example of non-compliance with GDPR is Facebook, it is accused for breaching subscriber trust. Compliance verification is thus essential to deploy and implement collaborative business process systems. It ensures that processes are checked for conformance to compliance requirements throughout their life cycle. In this paper we take a proactive approach aiming to discuss the need for design time preventative compliance verification as opposed to after effect runtime detective approach. We use a real-world case to show how compliance needs to be analyzed and show the benefits of applying compliance check at the process design stage

For the UK manufacturing industry, the internet economy and Industry 4.0 is seen more a chance than a threat. Facing a couple of challenges in the old industrial world, Industry 4.0 gives the UK in the new "game" the opportunity to establish an innovative manufacturing sector made up of smaller and new players. Whereas new digital services and new digital competition for the established industries come up, British industries could be among the new players: The changes in the existing business models and their extension towards "servitization", where production and services will come together, is the chance for British manufacturing, which Government and industry is keen to take it.

Ensuring the conformance of an organization's processes to certain rules and regulations has become a major issue in today's business world. As non-compliance with these regulations could cost organizations a considerable sum of money in fines or litigation or even loss of company reputation. Recently, the intelligent connectivity of collaborative networks of people, organization, machines, and smart things has become a high potential for value creation, and at the same time bring about some compliance challenges. Ensuring compliance in such a collaborative network environment (i.e., a dynamic and networked environment) is complicated due to its design principle for decentralized decision-making. To meet up with the various challenges of collaborative networks, this paper reviews an existing compliance approach, i.e., eCRG's (extended Compliance Rule Graph) specification language and its decomposition approach. A real-world collaborative case is used to examine which compliance properties can be checked by the existing approaches and which compliance properties cannot be checked yet. We further explore how to extend the approach to meet up with the identified challenges of collaborative network compliance, which are served as a base for supporting the automated compliance checking of Collaborative Process either at design time or run-time.

Corona pandemic has changed our lives and is likely to have a lasting impact on our economic development, i.e. industry and services. Most organizations must change their businesses and services to comply with the strategies and rules published by the governments of different countries for providing agility, sustainability and resilience in the current situation. Non-compliance can result in an organisation paying a huge sum of money in fines and litigation. In collaborative network 4.0 (CN4.0), the importance of compliance is even more evident as its issues become more complex. The collaborative processes in CN 4.0 not only imply the collaborative business processes. In the context of industry 4.0, e.g. the collaborative processes through ERP system and MES. In this paper, we evaluate the previous compliance approaches and apply them in the collaborative network cases. Based on this, we identify the limitation of the existing compliance check approaches. We formalise the compliance challenges of collaborative processes and requirements of the new compliance approaches at design and running time respectively. To design a solution to incorporates the identified requirements, a conceptual architecture is provided.

Compliance to regulatory requirements is key to successful collaborative business process execution. The review the EU general data protection regulation (GDPR) brought to the fore the need to comply with data privacy. Access control and authorization mechanisms in workflow management systems based on roles, tasks and attributes do not sufficiently address the current complex and dynamic privacy requirements in collaborative business process environments due to diverse policies. This paper proposes process driven authorization as an alternative approach to data access control and authorization where access is granted based on legitimate need to accomplish a task in the business process. Due to vast sources of regulations, a mechanism to derive and validate a composite set of constraints free of conflicts and contradictions is presented. An extended workflow tree language is also presented to support constraint modeling. An industry case Pick and Pack process is used for illustration.

Interoperability is a key factor in implementing a virtual factory. In European Union context interoperability is the ability of organisations to interact towards mutually beneficial goals, involving the sharing of information and knowledge between these organisations, through the business processes they support, by means of the exchange of data between their ICT systems. Interoperability of virtual factory synthesizes software components, application solutions, business processes and business context throughout the diversified, heterogeneous, autonomous procedure, assembled from multiple independent factories or smart/digital factory networks. EU H2020 "vF Interoperation suppoRting buSiness innovaTion" (FIRST) aims to provide new technology and methodologies to describe manufacturing assets; to compose and integrate existing services into collaborative virtual manufacturing processes; and to deal with evolution of changes. As a part of research results of the FIRST project, we present a comprehensive review on basic concepts of factories of the future, i.e. smart factory, digital factory, and virtual factory. The relationships among smart factory, digital factory and virtual factory are studied. In this paper, we define virtual factory interoperability and outline the research challenges related to interoperability of virtual factory.