Suchergebnisse

Die zentrale Forschungsfrage dieses Artikels analysiert, wie sich die "Ageing Policies" europäischer Wohlfahrtsstaaten sich hinsichtlich ihrer potentiellen Wirkungen auf das Armutsrisiko älterer Menschen unterscheiden. In der vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung ist die Art und Weise, in der wohlfahrtsstaatliche Politiken die soziale Ungleichheit älterer Bürger/innen rahmen, eine wichtige Thematik. Verschiedene empirische Untersuchungen, die sich in der Regel auf ein einzelnes Politikfeld beziehen, haben die Rolle wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Politiken auf die soziale Ungleichheit und Armut im Alter analysiert. Die Politikfelder, die hauptsächlich untersucht werden, beinhalten Rentenpolitiken (Carrera et al., 2011; Foster, 2011; Grech, 2014) und Pflegepolitiken (Waldhausen, 2014; Huber Zólyomi, 2012; Leichsenring, Billings, Nies, 2013; Speer & Pryor, 2014). Allerdings berücksichtigen diese Ansätze oftmals nicht systematisch, dass unterschiedliche Politikfelder im Hinblick auf die Einkommenssituation von älteren Menschen miteinander interagieren. Dabei ist es wichtig zu analysieren, wie die unterschiedlichen Politikfelder in Bezug auf ihre Rahmung der sozialen Ungleichheit und des Armutsrisikos älterer Menschen miteinander interagieren. Der Artikel führt den theoretischen Ansatz der "Ageing Policies" ein. Dieser Ansatz untersucht die wohlfahrtsstaatliche Rahmung sozialer Ungleichheit und der Armut älterer Menschen auf der Grundlage des Zusammenwirkens von drei Politikfeldern, die besonders relevant für das Armutsrisiko im Alter sind. Neben den Renten- und Pflegepolitiken werden dabei auch Politiken gegenüber der Sozialhilfe berücksichtigt. Zusätzlich stelle ich eine idealtypische Typologie unterschiedlicher Typen von "Ageing Policies" vor, die diese Politiken im Hinblick darauf klassifizieren, inwieweit sie das Armutsrisiko älterer Menschen beeinflussen. Auf der Basis dieses theoretischen Rahmens entwickele ich die zentralen Hypothesen dieser Untersuchung. Im empirischen Teil der Dissertation stelle ich die Ergebnisse der international vergleichenden Untersuchung zum hypothetischen Einfluss unterschiedlicher Typen von "Ageing Policies" auf das Armutsrisiko älterer Bürger/innen in europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten vor. Die Studie untersucht die "Ageing Policies" von Deutschland, Dänemark und dem Vereinigten Königsreich vergleichend anhand von Dokumentenanalysen. Die Interaktion der Altenpolitik wird in Bezug auf ihre jeweilige Generosität analysiert, es wird ebenfalls ihr Einfluss auf die Prävention des Armutsrisikos älterer Menschen erfasst. Die Dissertation untersucht weiter auch, wie sich die Felder der Alterspolitik gegenseitig kompensieren. Die Dissertation leistet einen innovativen Beitrag zur vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung und zur Analyse der Armutsrisiken im Alter. Es führt einen neuen, komplexen theoretischen Rahmen zur vergleichenden Analyse der Rolle wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Politiken für die Armut älterer Bürger ein. ; Abstract: The main research question of this dissertation is how ageing policy differ in their hypothetical impact on poverty risk of older people in European welfare states. In comparative welfare state research, the ways in which welfare state policy frame poverty and social inequality for senior citizens is an important issue. Various empirical studies that usually focus on a single policy field have analysed the role of welfare state policies for social inequality and poverty in old age. These policy fields mainly include pension policies (Carrera et al., 2011; Foster, 2011; Grech, 2014) and long-term care policies (Waldhausen, 2014; Huber Zólyomi, 2012; Leichsenring, Billings, Nies, 2013; Speer & Pryor, 2014). However, such approaches overlook the fact that different policy fields interact in their role in terms of the income situation of people in old age. It is important to analyse how the different policy fields interact in their framing of social inequality and poverty risk of older people. A theoretical approach of "ageing policy" is introduced in this dissertation. This approach is based on the interaction of three policy fields in the ways in which they are framing social inequality and poverty of older people. Besides policies regarding pension and long-term care, it also includes social assistance policy. It is argued that all three types of policies are highly relevant in their role with regard to the risk of poverty in old age. In addition, I also introduce an "ideal-typical" typology of different types of ageing policy that are based on different ways in which ageing policy hypothetically impact on poverty risk for older people. Based on this theoretical framework, I develop the main hypotheses of the study. In the empirical part of this dissertation, I introduce the findings of a cross-national comparative study on the hypothetical impact of different types of ageing policies on the poverty risk of senior citizens in European welfare states. This dissertation examines the ageing policy of Germany, Denmark and the UK by looking at the institutional level. The interaction of ageing policy is analyzed by their generosity and the hypothetical impact on preventing poverty risk for older people. This dissertation also analyses how each ageing policy field compensates with each other. The dissertation can make an innovative contribution to comparative welfare state research and analysis of poverty risks in old age. It offers a new, complex theoretical typology for comparative analysis of the role of welfare state policies for the poverty of senior citizens. This dissertation makes the direct measurement of the role of policies for poverty at the institutional level. It is a new type of measurement of the social policies.

AbstractRapid demographic ageing constitutes a significant challenge for the Chinese social system. As China has only recently begun developing a long‐term care (LTC) policy, care provision is currently based on family care. However, the prevalence of such care is declining due to low social recognition and conflicts between family members' care and work responsibilities. Thus, a comprehensive LTC policy should expand extra‐familial care services and make family care attractive. Germany's LTC insurance is an example of a policy that integrates extra‐familial and family care. This study analyses whether China's LTC policy can gain insights from Germany's LTC policy in view of the findings from Chinese LTC pilot projects. We argue that a policy that supports extra‐familial and family care would facilitate the LTC provision preferred by older people, while also supporting relatives who wish to provide care according to their values of intergenerational solidarity.

Many disaster studies in the social sciences have so far pointed out that contemporary urbanization catalyzes the transformation of actual and potential risks into disasters. Compared with the greater attention paid to the losses of disasters, there is inadequate recognition of the roles of deep-seated social factors in addressing environmental changes and risks. In addition, very few discussions about social vulnerabilities have paid attention to China, even though they focus on developing countries. In the past four decades, China's rapid urbanization, urban expansions, and large-scale rural-urban migration have led to increasing difficulties in urban management, generating a large number of marginalized populations and spaces that are often called urban villages. The current marginalization problems are connected with economic poverty, sustained exclusion, and social inequality under state-managed urbanization. This study aims to provide a valuable discussion on the relationship between rapid urbanization and urban marginalization to identify the underlying causes of social vulnerability from the perspectives of institution, space, and urban governance, reviewing the experiences of China's urbanization. This study concludes that urbanization-induced marginalization has adverse impacts on structural resistance to external pressures such as natural disasters.