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The Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in the modern sense is one of the important forms of the realization of economic globalization. The purpose of this article is to explore the nature and characteristics of the FTZ and its significance by studying its development from free ports and export processing zones up to the new FTZs with integrated functions. Through the comparative analysis of the Irish Shannon Free Zone, the Taiwan Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone, and the US Foreign Trade Zone, this article focuses on the pros and cons of FTZs for a country or region and points out their five strengths and four weaknesses. For the construction of the Shanghai Pilot FTZ and other potential zones, this article puts forward several proposals that may provide useful reference material.

The October Revolution, as the first successful proletarian revolution, broke up the capitalist world system, established the first socialist state and opened up a new era in human history. It represents the beginning of the transition of human society from capitalism to socialism, and is therefore worthy of special commemoration. While Marx and Engels turned socialism from the utopian one into the scientific one, it was the October Revolution that turned socialism from theory into practice. Marxists need to firmly continue the march along the socialist road that it opened up, with perseverance in the difficult and tortuous path, and with continuous exploration in revolution and reform. We must experiment with various ways to transform the capitalist system, innovate and improve the socialist system, develop and achieve a prosperous socialist economy, and fight for the establishment of the communist community and stateless world for mankind.

In 2021, responding to changes in the world political and economic situation and basing itself on Marxist political economy, the New Marxian Economics Synthesis School led by Professor Enfu Cheng carried forward its traditions and forged ahead into the future. The school conducted active, in-depth research on how to uphold the integrity of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics and enrich it with new elements, putting forward a series of theoretical innovations in areas that include the ten essentials of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, its sources of innovation and logical starting point, the orientation of its practice, and so forth. Based on these theoretical innovations, many of the scholars who make up the school engaged in lively discussion on a range of focal issues of today's Chinese economy, including common prosperity, the new "dual circulation" development pattern, artificial intelligence and the digital economy, the modernization of national governance and so on. In addition, they made searching criticisms of the financialization of the contemporary capitalist economy and of the new developments seen in liberalism and hegemonism since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. In sum, they recorded a long series of fruitful theoretical achievements.

Why has the significant expansion of a certain social category's population and influences– largely resulting from the development of national economy and free market system – NOT frequently caused political instability and unrest to the authoritarian regime during the reform era? How has the regime upgraded its strategies of sociopolitical control by combining the market logics into the conventional approaches? And what strategies has the Party-state adopted so as to preempt and prevent this social category's potential challenges from occurring in this ever-changing period? This study undertakes the task of understanding these theoretical questions by looking at the Chinese Communist Party-state's sociopolitical control mechanisms over intellectuals during the reform era. Particularly, it primarily seeks to tackle the following empirical issues: How has the state-intellectual relationship in 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century been shaped differently comparing with that in the previous period? Why has it been shaped in that particular pattern? In the face of what kinds of institutional and intellectual challenges has the CCP inherited and created a number of different forms of sociopolitical control mechanisms over intellectuals for the persistence of its authoritarian rule in China? And to what extent could this particular pattern of state-intellectual relationship drawn upon the case of China be extended to other transitional countries? The author seeks to solve these questions by developing a theoretical framework of Politicized Academic Capitalism. The core of such a framework is a kind of hybrid institutional arrangement designed by the Chinese Communist Party-state with the employment of the market logics as the important means of interest-sharing with and hence the sociopolitical control mechanism over intellectuals who serve in higher education institutions. By highlighting the scarcity and competition as the primary logics of the market, the author further holds that scarcity is the natural and logical prerequisite for the competition, and the competition is manipulated by the Party-state to keep intellectuals being in a constantly busy situation and working along the line drawn by the state. Moreover, shaping scarcity is an effective way to show the significance of key resources and the related interests that could be shared with the Party-state, and then manipulating competition becomes the only manifested way to enjoy this interest-sharing privilege. This study is conducted on a basis of a variety of data sources, including historical documents, media accounts and reports on currently related events, organizational charts and regulations, university archives, interviews with key persons, and a set of biographies and memoirs of renowned intellectuals. These intensive empirical probes into the complex relations among the Chinese Communist Party-state, institutions of higher learning, and the intellectual community have revealed that economic reforms have strengthened the state capacity and facilitated the state's means of social control. And the Politicized Academic Capitalism can be viewed as a hybrid institutional arrangement designed by the Party-state to employ the logic of the market to impose sociopolitical control over university intellectuals during the reform era. ; published_or_final_version ; Politics and Public Administration ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy