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This study uses the multidimensional measures included in the 1996 Taiwan Social Change Survey to examine the effects of gender ideologies and marital role sharing on marital quality among married Taiwanese men and women as reporting spouses. The authors' quantitative analyses indicate that (a) there is little direct relationship between gender ideologies and marital quality in this Taiwanese sample for both genders,(b) egalitarian marital power is directly and positively related to marital harmony and negatively related to marital discord, (c) the nontraditional division of domestic labor is directly and positively related to marital quality primarily through the enhancement of marital harmony, and (d) the proposed conceptual model does not vary substantially across the two genders. The authors suggest that these findings should be further validated by utilizing couples as the units of analysis.

Objective. This study tests the proposition, suggested by the middleman minority theory of entrepreneurship, that retail enterprise among white immigrants in the urban North was aided by the emergence of segregated black communities during the Great Migration of 1915–1930.Methods. Census data on major Northern cities in 1910, 1920, and 1930 are analyzed in several multivariate regressions.Results. The merchant participation rate of foreign‐born white men was unrelated to the index of black spatial isolation but was positively associated with the relative size of the black population, implying that the existence of large black consumer markets did promote the entry of the immigrants into the retail trade.Conclusions. White immigrants in the early 20th century North had a retailing niche based partly on serving blacks. Yet, there was no evidence that the immigrants benefited from a "captive market" that arose because of residential segregation by race.

Objective. This study tests the proposition, suggested by the middleman minority theory of entrepreneurship, that retail enterprise among white immigrants in the urban North was aided by the emergence of segregated black communities during the Great Migration of 1915-1930. Methods. Census data on major Northern cities in 1910, 1920, & 1930 are analyzed in several multivariate regressions. Results. The merchant participation rate of foreign-born white men was unrelated to the index of black spatial isolation but was positively associated with the relative size of the black population, implying that the existence of large black consumer markets did promote the entry of the immigrants into the retail trade. Conclusions. White immigrants in the early 20th-century North had a retailing niche based partly on serving blacks. Yet, there was no evidence that the immigrants benefited from a "captive market" that arose because of residential segregation by race. 1 Table, 1 Appendix, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

Using the 1994-1995 Taiwan Social Change Survey, we examine the relationship between socioeconomic resources, gender ideologies, and marital power in contemporary Taiwanese marriages. Results from multinomial logit models indicate that socioeconomic resources and gender ideologies of both married men and women are significant determinants of the balance of marital power. As the access to socioeconomic resources becomes increasingly easier and as traditional gender ideology continues to languish, Taiwanese wives' bargaining power with patriarchy in the family is on the rise. These findings not only corroborate the classic resource theory of marital power but also substantiate the modified resource theory of marital power in a non-Western society.

Using national-level data, this analysis examines American fathers' participation in three domains of child rearing for children aged 5 to 18 years. Focus is placed on the extent to which participation varies by race or ethnicity, gender and family ideologies, and the interaction between these factors. Results show that minority fathers consistently outperform White fathers in the cognitive domain. Findings also show that fathers' involvement is a function of an interplay between race or ethnicity and cultural ideologies.

Since the late 1970s, mainland China has embarked on an unprecedented economic reform. This reform not only helped China move away more successfully from a centrally planned economy than the former Soviet Union and its East European satellites, it also improved the quality of life for China's massive population, especially its urban population. While the impact of this reform on family life such as household composition, marriage patterns, childbearing decisions, and inter-generational relationships has been well documented, research on family life satisfaction during this political and economic transformation is nearly nonexistent. To fill this research void, we use the 1993 China Housing Survey conducted in Shanghai and Tianjin to explore the determinants of family life satisfaction among married urban Chinese. Our Confirmatory Factor Analysis conceptualizes family life satisfaction as a multi-dimensional concept, encompassing satisfaction with marriage, family economy, family relations, and family life in general. The OLS regression analysis indicates that varying individual characteristics, marital and parental roles, kinship, social and political ties, and community context are predicative of family life satisfaction in urban China. Gender differences in these determinants are noticeable.

Using survey data from urban China, the rigidity of the status hierarchy and the importance of status-group boundaries in the process of mate selection are explored. Specifically, the patterns of assortative mating by sociopolitical characteristics are examined. Statistical analyses show three important findings. First, the log-linear models uniformly indicate that, despite a strong tendency toward status homogamy, urban Chinese couples are also mismatched symmetrically. Second, when mismatches occur, marriage prospects tend to marry partners from adjacent status groups. Third, although the systems of union formation and status hierarchies have undergone enormous transformations since 1949, the "crossing models" do not reveal parallel and significant changes in assortative mating. It is concluded that neither the socialist transformation in the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s nor the recent economic reforms have changed the patterns of assortative mating in urban China. Status homogamy remains a dominant social norm and practice.

Using survey data from a nationally representative sample, this article explores how marriage timing varies across major religious denominations. Survival analysis indicates that net of statistical controls, Catholics, moderate Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Mormons marry significantly earlier than their unaffiliated counterparts. This holds true for women and men. However, no statistical differences emerge between Jews, liberal Protestants, and the unaffiliated. As surmised, auxiliary statistical tests reveal additional religious subcultural variations: (a) Jews tend to marry later than Catholics, conservative Protestants, and Mormons; (b) Catholics also marry later than conservative Protestants and Mormons; (c) no statistical difference surfaces between Mormons and conservative Protestants; and (d) differences between Catholics and liberal Protestants as well as between Jews and liberal Protestants are statistically negligible. These findings systematically support the denominational subcultural paradigm in the case of marriage timing.

Math proficiency is considered a critical subject for entry into most science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations. This study examines the relationship between parental occupation and gender differences in students' math performance, that is, the gender math gap. Using insights from theories of social and gender reproduction, we hypothesize that daughters of STEM-employed parents, and especially STEM-employed mothers, will score higher on standardized math tests than their peers with non-STEM parents. Multiple waves of panel data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS–K) featuring students in third, fifth, and eighth grades are used to examine these hypotheses. Results from random effects regression models confirm these hypotheses while also revealing support for STEM-employed father-to-son and father-to-daughter transmission of a math performance advantage. Also, regardless of parental occupation, a gender math gap remains evident. We conclude by discussing implications, study limitations, and directions for future research.