Suchergebnisse

Correlations between farmer ethnic identity and the agrobiodiversity they maintain have been identified globally. This has been maintained even as small-scale farmers are increasingly connected to extra-local political economic systems, which are cited as the driver of global agrobiodiversity erosion. Yet, how ethnicity influences the maintenance of biodiverse farming systems is poorly understood. Employing a political ecology framework that integrated qualitative, demographic, and agroecological methods in Caribbean Nicaragua's Pearl Lagoon Basin, this research revealed patterns indicating that farmers who identify with the area's indigenous (Miskito) and afro-descendant (Creole and Garífuna) 'minority' groups tend to maintain more diverse farms than nearby farmers who identify as mestizo, particularly those who are recent migrants to the region. In contrast to previous studies, however, the most connected farmers in the Basin tend to have the highest levels of agrobiodiversity within their farming systems. Qualitative and regression analyses reveal that ethnic patterns in the maintenance of agrobiodiversity are explained in part by the historical farming practices that characterize land use in the Basin and the agroecological knowledge that farmers develop over a lifetime farming in this socio-ecological context. Further, by acknowledging the plastic nature of ethnic identity, this research highlights the importance of ethnic-based land rights in the Nicaragua's South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region as a critical factor that directly and indirectly influences the ethnic identities of farmers in the Pearl Lagoon Basin and their abilities to participate in agricultural development projects whose extension activities promote agrobiodiversity conservation.Key Words: Agrobiodiversity, ethnicity, land use and land use change, development, Nicaragua, Pearl Lagoon Basin

It is worth underlining the main point of this study - that PfP is a well-established and highly effective framework for military and defence-related co-operation. The prospect of NATO enlargement enhances rather than undermines its value, both in familiarising potential members more precisely with the requirements of membership and in providing a framework for a close relationship with countries who do not join at first or at all. NATO enlargement therefore increases the expectations of PfP and presents it with the challenge of further intensification. This does not require a change of direction, but the exploitation of PfP's inherent potential, by giving it greater political content, introducing regional forms of co-operation and taking initiatives to attract Russia with a permanent military framework within PfP. (SOI : BF: S. 334)

Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs setzten sich, neben vielen anderen, auch evangelische Theologen für NS-Täter ein. Was mit Seelsorge in den Internierungslagern in Deutschland und Kriegsgefangenenlagern im Ausland begann, wurde nach und nach zu einer umfangreichen Struktur nicht nur zur seelsorgerlichen Begleitung, sondern auch zur materiellen, rechtlichen, diplomatischen und politischen Unterstützung. Von dieser profitierten sowohl unter Anklage stehende wie auch bereits verurteilte NS-Täter. Die Evangelische Kirche der Pfalz, und vor allem deren Präsident von 1946 (1948) bis 1964, Hans Stempel, sowie dessen enger Vertrauter, Theodor Friedrich, spielten hierbei eine tragende Rolle. Hans Stempel wurde so eine zentrale Figur in einem Netzwerk, das sowohl öffentlich wie auch diskret im Hintergrund agierte, und das insbesondere in Frankreich erhebliche Wirkung entfalten konnte. Nicholas John Williams untersucht die Genese und Motive dieses Engagements.

Correlations between farmer ethnic identity and the agrobiodiversity they maintain have been identified globally. This has been maintained even as small-scale farmers are increasingly connected to extra-local political economic systems, which are cited as the driver of global agrobiodiversity erosion. Yet, how ethnicity influences the maintenance of biodiverse farming systems is poorly understood. Employing a political ecology framework that integrated qualitative, demographic, and agroecological methods in Caribbean Nicaragua's Pearl Lagoon Basin, this research revealed patterns indicating that farmers who identify with the area's indigenous (Miskito) and afro-descendant (Creole and Garífuna) 'minority' groups tend to maintain more diverse farms than nearby farmers who identify as mestizo, particularly those who are recent migrants to the region. In contrast to previous studies, however, the most connected farmers in the Basin tend to have the highest levels of agrobiodiversity within their farming systems. Qualitative and regression analyses reveal that ethnic patterns in the maintenance of agrobiodiversity are explained in part by the historical farming practices that characterize land use in the Basin and the agroecological knowledge that farmers develop over a lifetime farming in this socio-ecological context. Further, by acknowledging the plastic nature of ethnic identity, this research highlights the importance of ethnic-based land rights in the Nicaragua's South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region as a critical factor that directly and indirectly influences the ethnic identities of farmers in the Pearl Lagoon Basin and their abilities to participate in agricultural development projects whose extension activities promote agrobiodiversity conservation.Key Words: Agrobiodiversity, ethnicity, land use and land use change, development, Nicaragua, Pearl Lagoon Basin

This dissertation characterizes the ways in which increased global connectedness differentially impacts agricultural decisions among the ethnically-diverse farming households in Atlantic Nicaragua's Pearl Lagoon Basin, with specific focus on farmers' maintenance of agrobiodiversity. Research conducted in other parts of the world has shown correlations between a farmer's ethnic identity and the agrobiodiversity they maintain within their farming systems. These trends remain even as small-scale farmers are connected to extra-local political and economic systems, which are cited as the drivers of global agrobiodiversity erosion. Yet, how ethnicity influences the maintenance of agrobiodiversity is poorly understood. Employing a political ecology framework that integrates ethnographic, demographic, survey, and agroecological methods, this research identifies that ethnically-distinct planting strategies exist among the Pearl Lagoon Basin's indigenous (Miskito), Afro-descendant (Creole and Garífuna), and mestizo farmers. Consistent with patterns identified by researchers elsewhere, farmers who identify with the area's indigenous and afro-descendant "minority" groups tend to maintain more diverse farms than nearby farmers who identify as mestizo, particularly those who are recent migrants to the region. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, however, the most connected farmers in the Basin tend to have the highest levels of agrobiodiversity within their farming systems.Qualitative and regression analyses reveal that ethnic patterns in the maintenance of agrobiodiversity are explained in part by the historical farming practices that characterize land use in the Basin and the agroecological knowledge that farmers develop over a lifetime farming in this socio-ecological context. Further, by acknowledging the plastic nature of ethnic identity, this research also highlights the importance of ethnic-based land rights in the Nicaragua's Atlantic Autonomous Region as a critical factor that both directly and indirectly influences the ethnic identities of farmers in the Pearl Lagoon Basin and their abilities to participate in agricultural development projects whose extension activities promote agrobiodiversity conservation.