Suchergebnisse

This poster investigates the extent to which antitrust law in the United States and competition law in the European Union protect the concept of consumer welfare.

The use of iconography to remember and honor military and political heroes has been in place since cave paintings. John Singleton Copley, Emanuel Leutze, Gilbert Stuart, and John Trumbull all used their talents to honor many of American Founding Fathers. Honored during and after their time, their work gives us a better understanding of what was valued and how these men were identified. The use of material culture allows for more portraiture, and the use of displaying socioeconomic standing. Copley, Leutze, Stuart, and Trumbull all had works used in political propaganda, and manipulation for years after. The images on today's currency can trace their origin back to portraits completed by Copley. The way a person is arranged in a portrait, what they wear, what the background displays all show the artist is attempting to honor them. Whether it was one person or 50, an image from the Revolutionary era helps to solidify how the war was viewed by the artists. PART OF SESSION 1C. PUBLIC COMMEMORATION: Comment: Larry Cebula, Eastern Washington UniversityChair: Bradley Franco, University of Portland Shaina Lynch, Boise State University, undergraduate student"The No-Color of Women: Women and Commemoration in the Treasure Valley of Idaho" Liza J. Schade, Portland State University, graduate student"Finding a Community Niche: Rethinking Historic House Museums in Oregon" Emma Williams, University of Idaho, undergraduate student"Portraiture, Patriotism, and Politicking: The Political Effect of Visual Histories"

Abstract
The Police Uplift Programme in England and Wales aims to recruit more than 20,000 new police officers into the service. There is little known about the potential consequences associated with a large-scale recruitment drive and the effect of introducing a younger cohort of officers into the ranks of the police. This article is based on a narrative review of 2,110 English-language titles including grey literature exploring the implications for the police who are younger in age and service workforce profile. Titles were identified through electronic and handsearching methods. Fifty-nine titles were assessed for inclusion, of which 48 were subject to a full-text review. The majority of papers were from North America. Three themes were identified from the review: (1) issues related to cultural considerations including younger officers' preference for transparent and linear relationships and highlighting an emphasis on public service; (2) well-being and work–life balance considerations; and (3) harnessing the skill base through effective recruitment and retention practices. The findings suggest that police forces can create a narrative for new recruits as adult learners committed to public service combined with enhanced leadership styles that prioritize teamwork, transparency, and personal development.

This half day program will introduce the key concepts that underpin realist approaches, with special emphasis on evaluation and literature reviews. Realist evaluation has been developed to investigate and explain how and why programs and polices work differently for different people or in different contexts. Realist review applies the same underlying principles to the synthesis of existing literature and evidence. The workshop will have interactive exercises to show how realist evaluations and realist literature reviews differ from other approaches in their intent, design and analysis. The workshop is designed for people who want to determine how – and if – realist approaches might work for them, and to build understanding of basic concepts and terminology before participating in the CARES conference. It will also provide opportunities to share ideas and questions, and to establish networks prior to the conference. Associate Professor Emma Williams is Principal Scientist of Evaluation and Knowledge Impact at the Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Australia. She previously worked in government, including a stint as Director of Social Policy with the Northern Territory Government, where she was involved in program design as well as policy development. Before being introduced to realist approaches, she struggled with how to determine which aspects of 'what works' in other jurisdictions might apply in Northern Territory contexts. She is currently conducting a number of realist and realist informed evaluations and research projects, primarily in northern Australia and eastern Indonesia, and was a Delphi panel member for the RAMESES II Project.

AbstractAggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.

AbstractBackgroundResearch exploring nonpharmacological interventions for individuals with intellectual disability and personality disorder was reviewed. This should prove valuable to services and professionals contemplating how to offer interventions for these individuals.MethodA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Articles were considered for inclusion according to criteria based on the PICOS model. The quality of the research was assessed utilizing the evaluative method for determining evidence‐based practice.ResultsEleven studies were reviewed with quality assessment indicating that all provided weak research evidence. Consistent flaws included insufficient description of participants and lack of control groups.ConclusionsThe research base exploring nonpharmacological interventions for individuals with intellectual disabilities and personality disorder includes many methodological flaws but reveals some useful information regarding the characteristics of these individuals and components of interventions to support them. Further research is needed to identify the differential effectiveness of interventions over and above other confounding factors.

AbstractBillions of dollars continue to be provided in foreign aid each year. However, few scholarly studies have examined whether the outcomes from foreign aid interventions are sustained after donor funding has ceased. This paper examines current approaches to assessing this issue before arguing that a realist evaluation approach is ideally suited to understand why and how sustained outcomes are—or are not—achieved. It contributes to the existing literature by presenting three new frameworks to examine the sustainability of outcomes in international development as well as some Context‐Mechanism‐Outcome statements. Implications for governments, communities, households and donor/implementing organisations are discussed.

AbstractThe study of the emergence of pretend play in developmental psychology has generally been restricted to analyses of children's play with toys and everyday objects. The widely accepted criteria for establishing pretence are the child's manipulation of object identities, attributes or existence. In this paper we argue that there is another arena for pretending—playful pretend teasing—which arises earlier than pretend play with objects and is therefore potentially relevant for understanding the more general emergence of pretence. We present examples of playful pretend teasing in infancy before and around the end of the first year, involving pretend communicative gestures, mis-labelling and almost non-compliance with prohibitions. We argue that the roots of pretence not only lie earlier in human infancy than generally acknowledged, but also are rooted in playful emotional exchanges in which people recognise and respond to violations of communicative gestures and agreements.