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The scope of the article is reinterpretation of the question posed by Rodgers and Rodgers, namely, are Public Administration scholarship produced by "disciplined purists" – Public Administration scholars producing Public Administration research – or "undisciplined mongrels"? The methodology diverges from previous analysis through examination of doctoral dissertation research classification, rather than faculty output in publications. Concomitantly, Biglan classification of disciplines was used as a framework to determine disciplinary classifications of "undisciplined" or interdisciplinary scholarship. Findings indicate that from 2000 to 2015, there were shifts toward Public Administration as a "purist" discipline. Not only are there changes toward a distinct discipline but also steady declines in outside discipline production of Public Administration doctoral research. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in categorization of Public Administration scholarship for subjects generally accepted as core issues. Another noted change was dramatic decline for the Doctor of Public Administration degree as the field redefined boundaries.

Sparked by recent scholarly interest in identifying the drivers or antecedents of employee engagement, this article examines the relationship between an employee's perception of voice and his or her propensity to socially engage in the form of sharing advice. In this article, we conceptualize an employee's perception of voice as multi-directional in nature. This is because, whether directed upward, downward, or laterally, employees will develop multiple perceptions of voice as they distinguish between their social exchanges across and within the various levels of the organization. Surveying the city workforce of Marietta, Georgia, we found a positive perception of voice is a key driver or antecedent to advice sharing across vertical boundaries with superiors and subordinates and across lateral boundaries with peers. Yet contrary to what the literature would suggest about the influence of superiors on subordinates, we found that low perceptions of upward voice (i.e., perceptions shaped by those at higher levels of the organization) did not influence an employee's decision to share advice with his or her own subordinates or peers. This research shifts some much-needed attention toward advice sharing as a social manifestation of employee engagement and establishes the importance of assessing and managing an employee's multiple perceptions of voice.

This research article examines the relationship of individual scholars to overall research production and develops new ranking schema upon the absence of top individual scholarship as demonstrations of individual scholarship relative to total rankings. The study creates a ranking system focused on the impact of individual scholars in public administration research. The contributions of this ranking system are to provide a different view than traditional ranking schemas at the institutional and departmental level. In addition, questions about the significance of scholarship within the discipline and for academic institutions outlines the reinforcing nature of systems aimed at identifying a "best" within public administration. Comparisons of findings are discussed in contrast to reputational and prestige ranking systems. Subsequent discussion is focused on the importance of individual scholarship to the institutional rankings through evaluating individual movement between institutions.

The research explores why some public affairs graduate programs choose to develop fully online degree offerings while others do not. The study attempts to address questions surrounding how different institutions and programs are pursuing degree offerings and the potential influence of faculty workload. The research utilizes a quantitative, cross-sectional design analyzing results from a survey on institutional and programmatic practices in workload, hiring, and degree offerings administered to primary points of contact within public affairs academic units from all institutions found in the US News World Report Graduate Programs in Public Affairs Rankings from 2019. Survey data is paired with program information from the accrediting body institutional member database. Findings indicate differences from both institutional and programmatic groupings do demonstrate workload measures have unique characteristics depending upon the type of institution and rank of the program. Further analysis discusses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on future public affairs programming.

The historical origins of public administration and public policy analysis suggest that Master of Public Administration and Master of Public Policy programs should have different focuses in their curricula: the former on management skills and the latter on analytical skills. To investigate whether and to what extent the two types of programs are different and whether the accreditation standards of the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration have a homogenizing effect on them, we investigated the titles and descriptions of the courses in their core curricula. The results show some differences between Master of Public Administration and Master of Public Policy programs, but no clear distinction. Analytical skills are required by both Master of Public Administration and Master of Public Policy programs. Master of Public Policy programs distinguish themselves from Master of Public Administration programs primarily by requiring economics and economic analysis courses. Higher percentages of Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration-accredited programs require organization studies, human resource management, and public budgeting courses.

Objective Experimentally investigate maneuver decision preferences in navigating ships to avoid a collision. How is safety (collision avoidance) balanced against efficiency (deviation from path and delay) and rules of the road under conditions of both trajectory certainty and uncertainty. Background Human decision error is a prominent factor in nautical collisions, but the multiple factors of geometry of collisions and role of uncertainty have been little studied in empirical human factors literature. Approach Eighty-seven Mechanical Turk participants performed in a lower fidelity ship control simulation, depicting ownship and a cargo ship hazard on collision or near-collision trajectories of various conflict geometries, while controlling heading and speed with the sluggish relative dynamics. Experiment 1 involved the hazard on a straight trajectory. In Experiment 2, the hazard could turn on unpredictable trials. Participants were rewarded for efficiency and penalized for collisions or close passes. Results Participants made few collisions, but did so more often when on a collision path. They sometimes violated the instructed rules of the road by maneuvering in front of the hazard ship's path. They preferred speed control to heading control. Performance degraded in conditions of uncertainty. Conclusion Data reveal an understanding of maneuver decisions and conditions that affect the balance between safety and efficiency. Application The simulation and data highlight the degrading role of uncertainty and provide a foundation upon which more complex questions can be asked, asked of more trained navigators, and decision support tools examined.

Looking ahead to 2025, what policies should future US administrations consider as appropriate responses to climate change, and what level of commitment should be devoted to addressing global climate change by the US government? To answer the key question, the project addressed the following secondary issues: Based on the best scientific evidence currently available, what will the most likely manifestations of global climate change be by 2025? This includes aggregate changes (surface temperatures, rising sea levels) as well as discrete changes (drought, flooding, disease, storms, heat waves). With respect to the latter, what are the probabilities that such events will be more (or less severe) than they are today? Based on the answers to the above, how politically salient will the issue of responding to global climate change be in 2025 (globally, by geographic region/location, by coalitions of similarly situated countries)? What low-probability, but potentially catastrophic events, may occur and how should these be taken into account by US policy? Responding to global climate change could be costly financially. However, there also could be positive spin-offs from addressing the consequences of global climate change. What may these positive spin-offs be (new technologies, energy independence, health, multilateral leadership, reputation gains)? ; The Long Range Analysis Group, National Intelligence Council (Director of National Intelligence)

Looking ahead to 2025, what policies should future US administrations consider as appropriate responses to climate change, and what level of commitment should be devoted to addressing global climate change by the US government? To answer the key question, the project addressed the following secondary issues: Based on the best scientific evidence currently available, what will the most likely manifestations of global climate change be by 2025? This includes aggregate changes (surface temperatures, rising sea levels) as well as discrete changes (drought, flooding, disease, storms, heat waves). With respect to the latter, what are the probabilities that such events will be more (or less severe) than they are today? Based on the answers to the above, how politically salient will the issue of responding to global climate change be in 2025 (globally, by geographic region/location, by coalitions of similarly situated countries)? What low-probability, but potentially catastrophic events, may occur and how should these be taken into account by US policy? Responding to global climate change could be costly financially. However, there also could be positive spin-offs from addressing the consequences of global climate change. What may these positive spin-offs be (new technologies, energy independence, health, multilateral leadership, reputation gains)? ; The Long Range Analysis Group, National Intelligence Council (Director of National Intelligence)