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The Population of Japan.Irene B. Taeuber
In: The American journal of sociology, Band 65, Heft 3, S. 322-323
ISSN: 1537-5390
O. A. OESER and S. B. HAMMOND (Eds.). Social Structure and Personality in a City. (Studies of Social Behaviour, Vol. I.) Pp. xxii, 344. $4.50. Social Structure and Personality in a Rural Community. (Studies of Social Be haviour, Vol. II.) Pp. xiii, 279. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1954. $3.75
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 300, Heft 1, S. 153-154
ISSN: 1552-3349
Prosperity and Political Victory
In: The public opinion quarterly: POQ, Band 14, Heft 2, S. 331
ISSN: 1537-5331
Prosperity and political victory [study of the correlation between election results and business conditions in the United States]
In: Public opinion quarterly: journal of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Band 14, S. 331-335
ISSN: 0033-362X
Prosperity and Political Victory
In: Public opinion quarterly: journal of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Band 14, Heft 2
ISSN: 0033-362X
Economic evaluation of healthcare interventions: old and new directions: Table 1
In: Oxford review of economic policy, Band 32, Heft 1, S. 102-121
ISSN: 1460-2121
Changes in younger population of Massachusetts, 1950-1960
In: Publication no. 399
Comparing the Application of CEA and BCA to Tuberculosis Control Interventions in South Africa
In: Journal of benefit-cost analysis: JBCA, Band 10, Heft S1, S. 132-153
ISSN: 2152-2812
Achieving ambitious targets to address the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic requires consideration of the impact of competing interventions for improved identification of patients with TB. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and benefit-cost analysis (BCA) are two approaches to economic evaluation that assess the costs and effects of competing alternatives. However, the differing theoretical basis and methodological approach to CEA and BCA is likely to result in alternative analytical outputs and potentially different policy interpretations. A BCA was conducted by converting an existing CEA on various combinations of TB control interventions in South Africa using a benefits transfer approach to estimate the value of statistical life (VSL) and value of statistical life year (VSLY). All combinations of interventions reduced untreated active disease compared to current TB control, reducing deaths by between 5,000 and 75,000 and resulting in net benefits of Int$3.2–Int$137 billion (ZAR18.1 billion to ZAR764 billion) over a 20-year period. This analysis contributes to development and application of BCA methods for health interventions and demonstrates that further investment in TB control in South Africa is expected to yield significant benefits. Further work is required to guide the appropriate analytical approach, interpretation and policy recommendations in the South African policy perspective and context.
Assessing fitness-for-purpose and comparing the suitability of COVID-19 multi-country models for local contexts and users
Background: Mathematical models have been used throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to inform policymaking decisions. The COVID-19 Multi-Model Comparison Collaboration (CMCC) was established to provide country governments, particularly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and other model users with an overview of the aims, capabilities and limits of the main multi-country COVID-19 models to optimise their usefulness in the COVID-19 response. Methods: Seven models were identified that satisfied the inclusion criteria for the model comparison and had creators that were willing to participate in this analysis. A questionnaire, extraction tables and interview structure were developed to be used for each model, these tools had the aim of capturing the model characteristics deemed of greatest importance based on discussions with the Policy Group. The questionnaires were first completed by the CMCC Technical group using publicly available information, before further clarification and verification was obtained during interviews with the model developers. The fitness-for-purpose flow chart for assessing the appropriateness for use of different COVID-19 models was developed jointly by the CMCC Technical Group and Policy Group. Results: A flow chart of key questions to assess the fitness-for-purpose of commonly used COVID-19 epidemiological models was developed, with focus placed on their use in LMICs. Furthermore, each model was summarised with a description of the main characteristics, as well as the level of engagement and expertise required to use or adapt these models to LMIC settings. Conclusions: This work formalises a process for engagement with models, which is often done on an ad-hoc basis, with recommendations for both policymakers and model developers and should improve modelling use in policy decision making.
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Reference Case Guidelines for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Global Health and Development
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Global Policy Barriers and Enablers to Exercise and Physical Activity in Kidney Care
In: Global Renal Exercise Network (GREX) , Bennett , P N , Kohzuki , M , Bohm , C , Roshanravan , B , Bakker , S J L , Viana , J L , MacRae , J M , Wilkinson , T J , Wilund , K R , Van Craenenbroeck , A H , Sakkas , G K , Mustata , S , Fowler , K , McDonald , J , Aleamañy , G M , Anding , K , Avin , K G , Escobar , G L , Gabrys , I , Goth , J , Isnard , M , Jhamb , M , Kim , J C , Li , J W , Lightfoot , C J , McAdams-DeMarco , M , Manfredini , F , Meade , A , Molsted , S , Parker , K , Seguri-Orti , E , Smith , A C , Verdin , N , Zheng , J , Zimmerman , D & Thompson , S 2022 , ' Global Policy Barriers and Enablers to Exercise and Physical Activity in Kidney Care ' , Journal of Renal Nutrition , vol. 32 , no. 4 , pp. 441-449 . https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2021.06.007 ; ISSN:1051-2276
Objective: Impairment in physical function and physical performance leads to decreased independence and health-related quality of life in people living with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Physical activity and exercise in kidney care are not priorities in policy development. We aimed to identify global policy-related enablers, barriers, and strategies to increase exercise participation and physical activity behavior for people living with kidney disease. Design and Methods: Guided by the Behavior Change Wheel theoretical framework, 50 global renal exercise experts developed policy barriers and enablers to exercise program implementation and physical activity promotion in kidney care. The consensus process consisted of developing themes from renal experts from North America, South America, Continental Europe, United Kingdom, Asia, and Oceania. Strategies to address enablers and barriers were identified by the group, and consensus was achieved. Results: We found that policies addressing funding, service provision, legislation, regulations, guidelines, the environment, communication, and marketing are required to support people with kidney disease to be physically active, participate in exercise, and improve health-related quality of life. We provide a global perspective and highlight Japanese, Canadian, and other regional examples where policies have been developed to increase renal physical activity and rehabilitation. We present recommendations targeting multiple stakeholders including nephrologists, nurses, allied health clinicians, organizations providing renal care and education, and renal program funders. Conclusions: We strongly recommend the nephrology community and people living with kidney disease take action to change policy now, rather than idly waiting for indisputable clinical trial evidence that increasing physical activity, strength, fitness, and function improves the lives of people living with kidney disease.
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