Suchergebnisse

Intro -- AIR SAFETY AND THE FAA: SELECT EFFORTS -- AIR SAFETY AND THE FAA: SELECT EFFORTS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY: ADDITIONAL FAA EFFORTS COULD HELP IDENTIFY AND MITIGATE SAFETY RISKS -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS DECREASED, BUT SOME SEGMENTS HAD DISPROPORTIONATE SHARES OF ACCIDENTS -- General Aviation Accidents Decreased from 1999 to 2011 -- Most General Aviation Accidents Involved Personal Operations and Single-Engine Piston Aircraft -- Some Industry Segments Experienced Fatal Accidents Disproportionately to Their Estimated Annual Flight Hours -- Loss of Control Was the Most Common Type of Fatal General Aviation Accident -- Pilot Error Was a Cause of Most Accidents, but Targeting Mitigations Is Difficult because of a Lack of Pilot Data -- Flight Activity Data Limitations Impede FAA's Ability to Assess General Aviation Safety and Target Risk Mitigation Efforts -- FAA's Singular Goal to Reduce the Fatal Accident Rate May Mask Problems in Certain Segments of General Aviation -- FAA HAS KEY INITIATIVES UNDER WAY TO IMPROVE GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY, BUT ONE HAS SEVERAL SHORTCOMINGS -- FAA Renewed the GAJSC in Early 2011 -- FAA Launched a 5-Year Strategy in 2011 to Help Reduce the Fatal General Aviation Accident Rate -- Risk Management -- Safety Promotion -- Outreach and Engagement -- Training -- The 5-Year Strategy Has Significant Shortcomings -- FAA Has Other Initiatives under Way That Could Also Contribute to Improved General Aviation Safety -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- APPENDIX I: SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY -- End Notes -- Chapter 2: AVIATION SAFETY: ADDITIONAL FAA EFFORTS COULD ENHANCE SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY

Abstract
Obesity accelerates the onset and progression of age-related conditions. In preclinical models, obesity drives cellular senescence, a cell fate that compromises tissue health and function, in part through a robust and diverse secretome. In humans, components of the secretome have been used as senescence biomarkers that are predictive of age-related disease, disability, and mortality. Here, using biospecimens and clinical data from two large and independent cohorts of older adults, we tested the hypothesis that the circulating concentrations of senescence biomarkers are influenced by body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for age, sex, and race, we observed significant increases in activin A, Fas, MDC, PAI1, PARC, TNFR1, and VEGFA, and a significant decrease in RAGE, from normal weight, to overweight, to obesity BMI categories by linear regression in both cohorts (all p < 0.05). These results highlight the influence of BMI on circulating concentrations of senescence biomarkers.