Suchergebnisse

Untersucht wird, wie sich in der VR China bei unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftspolitiken die Produktivität der Landwirtschaft im Hinblick auf die Faktoren Arbeit, Kapital und Boden entwickelt hat. Miteinander verglichen werden die prä-kommunale Zeit, die Periode des Kommunaleigentums und seit 1979 die Periode der Eigenverantwortlichkeit. Wichtigstes Ergebnis: Die letzte Periode zeigt mit steigender Produktion bei geringerem Faktoreinsatz deutliche Vorteile gegenüber der Zeit vor 1979. Die Produktivität von Land und Arbeit stiegen an, während sich in der Zeit zuvor vor allem die Arbeitsproduktivität laufend verschlechtert hat. (DÜI-Hlb)

Based on a comparative study of New-Pudong (East Shanghai) and Old-Puxi (West Shanghai) in their respective ability to absorb rural migrants, the very essence of urbanization, this paper finds that, constrained by the current hukou (household registration) system and land tenure system, although New-Pudong has emerged as one of the most modernized urban areas in the world, it did so under an urbanization model that is government-dominant and characterized by high land-intensity and capital-intensity. This model represents a serious mismatch in terms of China's factor endowment that is characterized with a large but relatively poor rural population. In sharp contrast, guided by the market mechanism under private land ownership and free migration, Old-Puxi emerged as an urbanization model that was very adaptable to China's factor endowment and stage of development. Therefore, as a model of endogenous urbanization, Old-Puxi is more efficient and inclusive, at the same time more sustainable economically and environmentally, and for this reason more applicable to China at a time when China needs to urbanize most of its rural population urgently to avoid the further worsening of the rural/urban divide and income disparity.

Der Artikel geht den wahren Ursachen der chinesischen Hungersnot von 1958-61 nach, die 30 Millionen Tote forderte und deren Hintergründe bislang immer verschleiert wurden. Der Grund liegt in der Überkollektivierung der damaligen, besonders totalitären kommunistischen Herrschaft. Durch die totale Kontrolle der Presse wurden unliebsame Meldungen unterdrückt. In millionenfach eingerichteten kommunalen Großküchen gab es kostenlose Mahlzeiten, während die Bauern gehalten waren, ihre eigenen Küchen und Küchengeräte als Ausdruck von Bourgoisie zu zerstören. Privaten Haushalten wurden keine Nahrungsmittel mehr zugewiesen. Als Folge liessen Verluste, Verschwendung, Nachlässigkeit, schlechtes Management und fehlendes (da verboten) eigenes Engagement die Reserven drastisch zurückgehen. Obwohl auch noch andere Faktoren mitspielten: Der kritische Faktor der selbstverschuldeten Katastrophe war die Einführung kostenloser kommunaler Mahlzeiten zu Lasten individueller Vorsorge. (DÜI-Hlb)

The policy of subsidizing agriculture with profits made by township and village enterprises has played an important role in maintaining stability and accelerating balanced economic growth in the Chinese rural areas. It represents an interesting subject in the literature of development economics for two reasons. First, the policy started at a very early stage of industrialization. Second, the policy has been carried out often voluntarily at the community level rather than at the state level. This paper examines the origin and rationales of such a policy and finds that the policy cannot be understood unless we look into a special institutional arrangement: China's unique communal duality. Study of the subject contributes significantly to an understanding of development economics. (JEL P5, Q0, O2)

This volume offers insights into the globalization of the Chinese economy and its accession to the WTO. The contributors provide contemporary accounts of developments in the Chinese economy as it prepares to join the WTO and examines the implications of China's accession for the rest of the world. Firstly, the volume offers an overview of possible changes in industrial policies and analyses developments in some important sectors, including agriculture, telecommunications and automobiles. It addresses some concerns in China regarding it entry into the WTO, such as whether the WTO membership wil

China has achieved alarming success in accelerating the economic growth rate since it started economic reform about 16 years ago. However, its state sector is still running severe deficits. Even though its productivity might be improved since the reform started, its financial situation, nevertheless, has been worsening mainly as a result of increased competition from the rapidly expanding non-state sector. Therefore, the reform of this sector has become an urgent problem. All the papers collected in this book are closely related to the various issues that the reform of the state sector has to solve. Among the contributors are Professor Merton H. Miller, a Nobel laureate and expert on firm finance and governauce, Mr Ji Lin, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Dr Justin Y. Lin, the director of Center of China's Economic Research at Beijing University, Professor Gang Fan, the well-known Chinese Economist and vice director of the Institute of Economic Research at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Professor Guoqiang Tian, an expert on mechanism design at Texas A & M University, and many other researchers and professors from China and the North America's research institutes and universities. Therefore, this book will be extremely useful and relevant to those economists as well as government decision-makers working in the field of the transitional economy