Suchergebnisse

Die bosnische Bevölkerung sieht sich mit einer kollektiven "Erinnerungskrise" konfrontiert. Diese Krise hat viele Facetten: die traumatischen Erfahrungen im Zuge der ethnischen Säuberungen, den Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus, die Erfahrungen einer durch ethnische Konflikte gespaltenen, ehemals multikulturellen Gesellschaft. In Gesprächen mit Bosniern mußte der Autor, Psychiatrieprofessor und Leiter eines Spezialprojekts, immer wieder die Erfahrung machen, daß diese eher dazu neigten, ihre traumatischen Erfahrungen zu verdrängen als sie aufzuarbeiten. Anhand einer vergleichenden Darstellung der von dem österreichischen Schriftsteller Joseph Roth in seinem Buch "Radetzkymarsch" geschilderten Probleme bei der Aufarbeitung der Erlebnisse des Ersten Weltkriegs und der nunmehr von den Bosniern zu bewältigenden psychischen Probleme arbeitet er die in einer kollektiven Anstrengung zur Erinnerung enthaltenen Chancen für die zukünftige demokratische Entwicklung des Landes heraus. (BIOst-Mrk)

Background: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC's implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience. Aim/Results: This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual's mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs. Conclusion: In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.

Rumination, which can be studied through its associated attentional biases, and is a part of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems constructs of Loss, has been proposed as a key transdiagnostic feature in depression. The current study uses eye tracking measurements to explore how different levels of brooding and reflection rumination interact with attentional biases in a non-clinical sample of high and low ruminators. Methodology: 123 adults were administered questionnaires of rumination, depression and participated in passive viewing task in which they watched sets of angry, happy, sad and neutral faces, while their eye movements were tracked. Findings indicate greater sustained attention toward sad and angry faces and away from happy faces among non-clinical individuals with high levels of brooding rumination, even when controlling for depression scores. The study adds further evidence that brooding rumination and attentional biases to negative stimuli are associated with one another. Behavioral parameters such as attention bias to help us to distinguish high ruminators among non-clinical sample.